Final review and key points of software process and project management

The definition of a project :

A project is premised on a unique and interrelated set of tasks , Efficient use of resources , An effort to achieve a specific goal

Characteristics of the project :

1. There are clearly defined goals
2. Execution is accomplished by completing a series of interrelated tasks
2. A variety of resources are needed to perform the task
4. There is a specific time plan or a limited life cycle
5. May be unique , disposable
6. Every project has sponsors and customers
7. Contains some uncertainty

Project objectives :

Deliverables need to be completed within the project scope of work and generated within the defined time budget , Usually the final product or deliverable is used , Schedule, cost and other indicators , It also includes the expected income or income from the implementation of the project , Is the reason why the project should be implemented .

Main contents of the RFP :

1. Project objectives ： Including reasonable information or background information that is useful to the contractor ;
2. Work statement ： A general description of the scope of work to be completed
3. Customer specific requirements ： Services to be completed and constraints to be obeyed ;
4. Deliverables ： Work products that the contractor or project team should submit ;
5. Acceptance criteria ： The standard for judging whether the deliverables are completed according to the customer's needs ;
6. Resources provided by customers .
7. There may be content that requires customer approval
8. It may be necessary to state the type of contract the customer wants to use ;
9. It may be necessary to explain that the customer wants to use the payment method ;
10. It should indicate the customer's requirements for progress
11. The content and format of the Contractor's application shall be specified ;
12. The deadline for submission of applications by contractors should be indicated ;
13 It may be necessary to specify the client's evaluation criteria for the proposal ;

The main content of the application ::

It is usually divided into three parts : technology , management , And cost
The technical part :
1. Understand the problem
2. Propose a method or solution
3. Customer benefits
Management part :
1. Job description ;
2. Deliverables
3. Project schedule ;
4. Project organization
5. Relevant experience
6 Equipment and work
Cost part :
1. Labour
2. raw material
3. equipment
4. Special facilities
5. file
6. Bonus or profit

An application must include at least :

1. Description of user requirements
2. hypothesis
3. Project scope
4. Deliverables
5. resources
6. Schedule
7. Price
8. risk
9. Expected revenue

Bidding decision or not :

1. competition
2. risk
3. Mission
4. Business expansion opportunities
5. Customer reputation
6. Capital guarantee
7. Resources required for the application
8. Project resource requirements

Definition of work breakdown structure :

If the total time difference is positive , It indicates that the total amount of time spent on various activities on this particular path can be extended , If the total time difference is negative , It indicates that all activities on this path should be completed quickly . If the total time difference is 0, Then there is no need to accelerate or delay the activities on this path

Why consider resource constraints

Almost all projects have limitations on available resources
Project delays are often due to the unavailability of required resources
At the same time , Some processes may require the same resource , But they often don't get enough resources to meet all their needs , This may cause the project schedule to change , If you have to increase resources to complete , It will affect the budget .

Project risk identification

1. Brainstorming
2. Establish risk classification

Project experience responsibilities :

The project manager shall ensure that all work is completed on time and with high quality within the budget , So as to satisfy customers . Coordinate the activities of each team member . Make them a harmonious whole , Perform their respective work in due course .
16.1 plan
1. The project manager should be highly clear about the project objectives , And reach an agreement with the customer .
2. Communicate with the project team .
benefit : It is more practical than making it alone
Enable the team to make greater investment in achieving the project objectives
16.2 organization
Organizing work involves carrying out work , How to reasonably allocate resources .
⑴ The project manager decides the scope of work
⑵ Assign responsibilities according to tasks , Grant rights
⑶ Create a good working environment
16.3 control
In order to monitor the project , The project manager needs a project management information system , Track actual work progress and compare with planned progress .

The skills that a project manager should have

1. Leadership
2. Human development
3. Communication skills
4. Interpersonal skills
5. The ability to handle stress
6. Ability to solve problems
7. Negotiation skills
8. The ability to manage time

The skills that a project manager should have

1. Leadership
2. Human development
3. Communication skills
4. Interpersonal skills
5. The ability to handle stress
6. Ability to solve problems
7. Negotiation skills
8. The ability to manage time

Create an incentive environment ( The characteristics of an effective project team ):

1. A clear understanding of the project objectives
2. Clear expectations of each member's roles and responsibilities
3. Goal oriented
4. A high degree of cooperation and mutual assistance
5. High trust
6. Respect team differences

Solve the problem 9 Step method

1. Explain the problem
2. Find out the possible cause of the problem
3. collecting data , Determine the most likely cause
4. Come up with possible solutions
5. Evaluate possible solutions
6. Decide on the best solution
7. Revise the project plan
8. Implementation plan
9. Judge whether the problem has been solved

Project organization structure

The characteristics of functional organizations ： People within the organization have the same skills or techniques
shortcoming : The structure is scattered , Power and responsibility cannot be realized , Information transmission and unification are complicated , Poor coordination among departments
The characteristics of a project-based organization : There are people who do everything , An organization is of the same type as a small company
advantage ： Every member always understands and is responsible for the work of the team . The team has great adaptability
shortcoming ： If the leader of the group doesn't make a clear request , The team lacks clarity ; The stability is not good , The economy is also poor ;
Characteristics of matrix organization ： Divisible departments and products ( Or project 、 Service etc. ) The divided departments are combined to form a matrix , Make the same employee keep organization and business contact with the original functional department , Also participate in the work of the product or project team , That is, on the basis of straight-line function , Add a horizontal leadership relationship
advantage ： Be able to clarify responsibilities , Able to be project oriented , Professionals can support each other technically
shortcoming ： Once information, power and other resources in an organization cannot be shared , The conflict between the project manager and the functional manager is bound to occur in order to strive for limited resources or imbalance of power , This can backfire , Coordinating and dealing with these contradictions will inevitably involve more energy of managers , And pay more organizational costs

What is engineering Notepad , What is the role

The project notebook records the time spent , It can also be used to record other things , For example, recording jobs , Follow up on commitments , Take class notes and record design ideas or make calculations .
For a software professional , Engineering Notepad also has many uses , For example, record the time log 、 Operation result and design scheme, etc , It can even be used as a proof that you have followed the correct project implementation plan .
Another advantage of using engineering Notepad is that it can protect the employer's intellectual property , For the convenience of recording and consulting data , Engineering Notepad is adopted .

Steps for defect tracking

1. Identify defect symptoms .
2. Infer the location of the defect from the symptom .
3． Identify errors in the program .
4． Decide how to fix the defect .
5． Fix the defect .
6. Verify that the fix has solved the problem .

Steps for project selection

1. Develop a set of criteria for assessing opportunities
2. List the assumptions that each opportunity is based on
3. Collect data and information for each opportunity , Make sure you make the right project selection decision
4. Evaluate each opportunity against criteria