Dynamic routing protocol rip, OSPF

RIP ： Routing information protocol （ Distance vector type /DV）

There are three versions RIPV1  RIPV2（ stay IPV4 Use in ）,RIPNG（ stay IPV6 Use in ）

RIPV1： It is a classified distance vector routing protocol （ Do not pass the netmask ）

RIPV2： It is a classless distance vector routing protocol （ Pass the netmask ）

The routing information is exchanged by sending data packets ,request（ request ）   response （ Respond to ）;

Packet encapsulation is based on UDP send out , Port number 520（RIPNG  521）, Send periodically , The periodic update time is 30  s ,RIPV2 Send route update address 224.0.0.9 （ RIPV1 Use 255.255.255.255）;

cost （metric） Calculation method ： Routing information is forwarded every time it passes through the router ,metric Increase in value 1 , Maximum 15 ,16 Represents unreachable .

1. Synchronization update problem ---- Use asynchronous update mode （25.5-30s）

2. Horizontal segmentation mechanism （ Suitable for all distance vector routing protocols ）

3. Cisco ：update to update 30s 、  invalid  Invalid   180s  、  hold down Inhibition 180s 、    flush  Refresh 240s   

    Huawei ： to update 30s   Invalid 180s    Garbage collection timer 120s

4. Horizontal segmentation mechanism with toxic reversal （ Suitable for all distance vector routing protocols ）—— The routing loop can be prevented

To configure ：

Enable RIP agreement

Enable Rip And specify the process ID （ process ID Local significance only ）

Choose the version ：

Network notice ： （network 1.0.0.0  1. Connect the interface on this router IP Address to 1 At the beginning, all interfaces are activated （ Activate It means you can send and receive RIP Related packets ）2. Announce the route corresponding to the activated interface into RIP agreement ）

see ：

Default route generation method ：

 

OSPF ： Open shortest path first protocol （ Link state type ）

1. Scope of use of the agreement ：IGP

2. Characteristics of protocol algorithm ： Link state routing protocol

3. Whether the protocol passes the netmask ： Pass the netmask （ Classless routing protocols ）

4. Protocol encapsulation ： be based on IP Protocol encapsulation （ Cross layer encapsulation ）, The agreement number is 89

One . OSPF characteristic

1.OSPF It is a link state protocol

2.OSPF The relay will be LSA （ Link status notification ,6 Types LSA  1 2 3 4 5 7）

3.OSPF Update the way ： Trigger update   +  30 Minute cycle update    

4.OSPF Update address ：224.0.0.5  224.0.0.6

5.OSPF Support Zoning

6.OSPF It is a protocol that consumes router resources

Two . OSPF Area

OSPF Support the division of regions ： 1. Limit LSA The scope of the spread of   2. Reduce LSA The number of

OSPF Regional division ： Based on interfaces （ link ）

OSPF Identification of the area ： 1. Decimal number   2. Be similar to IP Address A.B.C.D

Area classification ：1、 Backbone area （0 Area ）   2、 Non backbone areas （ Not 0 Area ）

Regional design principles ：

1.OSPF There must be a unique backbone area in the network （area 0）（ A single area may not be area 0 ）

2. If there are non backbone areas , The non backbone area must be directly connected with the backbone area

OSPF Router role ：

Backbone router （ Routers with all ports in the backbone area ）

Non backbone routers （ Routers with all ports in non backbone areas ）

ABR： Area border router （ Router connecting backbone area and non backbone area ）

ASBR： Autonomous system border router （ Connection operation OSPF The region of the protocol and the region running other dynamic routing protocols , And republish other protocols to OSPF In the region ）

  3、 ... and . OSPF Neighbors and adjacency （OSPF Neighbor state mechanism ）

neighbor （neighbour）   two-way：

                                 Successful connection , It's all running OSPF agreement , It's a neighbor

Adjacency （Adjacency）  full ：

                                Establish adjacency , Can send each other LSA

Four .OSPF cost Value calculation

Cost= 100Mbps/ bandwidth

5、 ... and .OSPF To configure

Process ID : Process number , Local significance only  

Router-id ： Router identifier , Identify the device in OSPF Uniqueness in the network . Be similar to IP Address A.B.C.D 

Router-id Election method ： 1. Manually assign the highest priority    2. All interfaces are returned to the election ring IP The address is the largest Of   3. Select all physical interfaces IP The largest address

Enable OSPF agreement ： （ Enable OSPF And set the process number And manually specify router-id）

Enter an area ：

 

Network Announce entry into the area :（ Use anti mask later ）

 

see OSPF Three tables of the agreement ： 

see OSPF Neighborhood watch ：

see OSPF agreement LSDB（ Link state database ： Store your own and learn from your neighbors LSA） surface ：

see OSPF route ：

 

Default route generation method :

1. When there are other default methods in this router

     2. If there is no other way , Can force