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解答03:Smith圆为什么能“上感下容 左串右并”?
2022-06-23 16:43:00 【用户9850660】
传输线的阻抗需求有很多种,如50Ω、75Ω、90Ω、100Ω、120Ω等。归一化阻抗实际上是建立了一套“通杀”阻抗的方法,即虽然各种情况下面对的系统阻抗可能不同,但当实际阻抗与系统阻抗两者越加趋同时,那么其除法计算之后的值将越靠近1。
参考《解答01:Smith圆为什么能“上感下容 左串右并”?》、
《解答02:Smith圆为什么能“上感下容 左串右并”?》我们可知——
在复平面阻抗直角坐标图中,有如下几个特殊的线:
黑色的线上的阻抗,有个特点:实部为0;(电阻为0) 红色的线上的阻抗,有个特点:虚部为0;(电感、电容为0) 蓝色的线上的阻抗,有个特点:实部为1;(电阻为50欧姆) 黄色的线上的阻抗,有个特点:虚部为-1; 橙色的线上的阻抗,有个特点:虚部为1
当实部为0, X越呈感性时,越往黑色线的正上方走, X越呈容性时,越往黑色线的负下方走, 体现在实际的电路中, 当你串联电感时,X往感性的方向变化, 当你串联电容时,X往容性的方向变化。
在传输线阻抗匹配中,通过添加元器件让复阻抗点移到想要的位置,即系统阻抗的位置。因此将直角坐标的复阻抗图“掰弯”成为Smith图后,同样可以呈现出:串联电感电容将会让点沿着恒阻圆移动。具体的表现形式为:
串联电感将沿着所在的恒阻圆以顺时针方向移动,
串联电容将会沿着恒阻圆以逆时针方向移动。
在Smith图中,串联电感电容会让阻抗点沿着恒阻圆移动,那么如果是并联呢?这就要了解到导纳——
导纳其实是阻抗的倒数,把Smith圆图180度翻转即可得到导纳图。
在导纳图中,
并联电感,沿导纳图的逆时针方向移动;
并联电容,沿导纳图的顺时针方向移动。
将电抗图与导纳图结合后形成的复合型Smith圆图如同一个棋盘,在象棋规则中,“车”走直线,“马”走日对角,“象”走田对角。而在Smith圆图中,电感、电容、电阻也有对应不同的走法。
我们常说的口诀:上感下容,左串右并,具体的其实体现为:
串联电感,沿电抗图的顺时针方向移动;
串联电容,沿电抗图的逆时针方向移动
并联电感,沿导纳图的逆时针方向移动;
并联电容,沿导纳图的顺时针方向移动
通过这个特性,我们调试的过程中,其实是通过每个纯元件的组合,将复阻抗点移动到系统阻抗位置。
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