[Software Engineering] key points at the end of the period

1） Characteristics of incremental model ？

Deliver products to users in batches

2） Characteristics of rapid prototyping and waterfall model ？

Submit all products that meet all requirements to users at one time

3） Characteristics of spiral model ？

A rapid prototyping model of the risk analysis process is added at each stage

4） Software life cycle 8 Stages ？

Software definition period ： Problem definition 、 feasibility study 、 Demand analysis

Software development period ： overall design 、 Detailed design 、 Coding and testing unit （ Realization ）、 Comprehensive test

Software maintenance period ： Operation and maintenance

Documents corresponding to the eight stages ： In addition to requirements analysis is the requirements specification , Operation and maintenance is to evaluate design documents , The others are “ A stage + The report ”

5） The purpose of the feasibility study ？

Not to solve the problem, but to determine whether the problem is worth solving

6） Three aspects of the feasibility study ？

1、 Technical feasibility

2、 Economic feasibility

3、 Operational feasibility

7） The role of the specifications ？

Describe the overall needs of users （ A report belonging to the requirements analysis stage , The report of the previous stage can only be used as the basis of the later stage ）

8） What is? 1：1 The connection of , What is? 1：n The connection of ？

1：1    There is only one manager in a department , A manager works in only one department

1：n   1 One teacher teaches many courses , There is only one teacher for each course

9）E-R The meaning of each symbol in the figure ？

rectangular ： Entity

Rounded rectangle ： attribute

The diamond ： Relationship

10） coupling （ The lower the better , The degree of interconnection between different modules ）

Data coupling is low coupling , good ; Control coupling 、 Content coupling （ The highest ） Is highly coupled , Not good. ;

1. cohesion （ The higher, the better , The tightness of the same module ）

function （ cohesion ）：10 > The order ：9 > signal communication ：7 > The process ：5 > Time ：3 > Logic ：1  > accidental ：0

1. depth 、 Width 、 Fan in 、 Fan out calculation ?P101
2. Data flow oriented design method ？（ Map information flow into software structure ）

The information flow is divided into ：1、 Exchange flow 2、 Transaction flow （ Transaction centric ）

1. What is structural programming ？

Use... As little as possible GO TO Statement programming method

1. The quality of human-computer interface design , Directly affect users' evaluation of the software , So as to affect the competitiveness and life of software products , So we should pay enough attention to it
2. There are four problems in designing human-computer interface ？

1. System response time
2. User assistance facilities
3. Error information processing
4. Command interaction

1. Jackson The three steps of the method ？

1. Determine the input / output data structure
2. Analyze the corresponding data units in the input data structure and the output data structure
3. from Data structure chart export Program structure diagram
4. List all operations and conditions , And assign it to the appropriate location in the program structure diagram
5. Pseudo code represents program

1. Test objectives and definitions ？

1. Testing is the process of executing a program in order to find errors in the program
2. A good test plan is one that is very likely to find errors that have not been found so far （ In the future ）
3. A successful test is one that finds errors that have not been found so far （ When finished ）

1. What does the white box test contain ？

1. Logical coverage
2. Control structure test

1. What are the logical overrides ？（ sentence 、 determine 、 You should be able to pass the condition test ）

1. Statement override （ ppp ）
2. Determine coverage
3. Conditional coverage （ Relatively strong ）
4. determine / Conditional coverage
5. Conditional combination covering ......

1. Three methods of black box testing ？

1. Equivalence partition
2. Boundary value analysis
3. A false assumption

1. The difference between white box test and black box test ？

White box testing ： It measures the internal principle structure of the program （ From the perspective of developers ）

Black box testing ： What is tested is the user function （ User perspective ）

1. The difference between debugging and testing objectives ？

The goal of debugging ： Find out the cause of the software error and correct it

The goal of the test is ： Find out the mistakes , But do not correct

1. What are the three debugging approaches ？

1. It's a good way （ The worst ）
2. backtracking
3. Cause exclusion

1. Definition of software maintenance ？

Software maintenance is after the software has been delivered , The process of modifying software to correct errors or meet new needs

1. The starting point and basic principles of object-oriented methodology ？

Try to simulate the way of thinking that humans are used to , Make the method and process of software development as close as possible to the method and process of human understanding the world and solving problems

1. What is the difference between the object-oriented design method and the traditional design method ？

Use the concept of the real world to think about the problem abstractly, so as to solve the problem naturally

1. Distinguish the concept of class and instance ?

class ： Worker 、 The nurse 、 Doctor

example ： Specific to someone , Zhang San 、 Li Si ....

1. What is encapsulation ？

Encapsulation is information hiding , The implementation details of the object are hidden from the outside world through encapsulation

1. What are the three models ？

1. The object model （ The most basic, the most important ）
2. dynamic model
3. Functional model

1. UML The relationship between the graph and the model is established ？

1. UML The class diagram -----> The object model
2. State diagram -------> dynamic model
3. Data flow diagram / Case diagram -------> Functional model

1. An important feature of excellent software design is Easy to maintain
2. In life cycle methodology ：

Divide the design into ：1、 overall design 2、 Detailed design

Object oriented design ：1、 The system design 2、 Object design

36） The key to the success of a software project ： Highly qualified personnel

37） The characteristics of the three groups of programmers ？

The characteristics of the Democratic programmer group ：（ It is suitable for experienced programmers in the group ）

1. The members of the group are completely equal , Technical decisions can be negotiated .
2. The group is small
3. Use informal organization （ Nominal team leader ）
4. High enthusiasm , But lack of leadership and authority

The characteristics of the main programmer group ：（ There are many aspects that are unrealistic ）

1. professional , Everyone does only professionally trained work
2. hierarchical ： Competent programmers direct the work of each team member , And be fully responsible for

The characteristics of the modern programmer group ：

1. The main programmer is divided into technical director and administrative director
2. Large project teams are divided into groups 、 Multilevel approach
3. Decentralize decision-making to improve the enthusiasm of members

1. Estimate which two types of software scale are divided into ？

1. Code line technology
2. Function point technology

Question type ：

Single topic selection （20 individual ）

Judgment questions （10 individual ）

Short answer （4 individual ）

Design questions （4 individual ） Reference exercise