Appium element positioning - App automated testing

Whatever you want app How to operate in the page , We have to find the element to operate on first . For example, if you want to click a button directly , Then you have to find this button first . If you want to enter something in the input box , Then you have to find this input box first .

The process of finding elements that need to be manipulated , It's called element positioning .

Element locator function

In most of APP During the operation , First, you must find the element that needs to be operated , This process is called element positioning .

stay Appium The function for element positioning is called find_element, He passes two parameters . The first 1 The first parameter is how to locate the element , The second parameter is the value of this method . for instance , adopt ID Locate an element , The first 1 Just fill in... With one parameter id, The first 2 The parameters represent ID Value .

el = driver.find_element('id', 'value')

Got el Is an element object , Getting the attributes of elements is very simple ：

el.text  # Get element text 
el.rect  # Get element coordinates 
el.get_attribute('clickable')  # Get elements clickable attribute 

Element positioning tools ：uiautomatorviewer

that ,id Where to get the value of ？ stay SDK There is one of them. tools Catalog , This directory has a name uiautomatorviewer Tools for , Can view the attributes of each element , And of course id attribute . Directly find the corresponding file , Click to see its interface .

To view the attributes of an element , Just move the mouse over the element , The attributes of each element will be displayed on the right . Every click uiautomatorviewer This tool will be more troublesome, right , To create a shortcut , Put it on our desk , When it's needed , Just click this shortcut directly on the desktop to open .

How elements are positioned

app There are several ways to locate the main elements of automated testing ：

• MobileBy.XPATH
• MobileBy.ID
• MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID
• MobileBy.ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR
• MobileBy.CLASS_NAME

id and xpath Are the two most commonly used and grammatically common ways , Use as much as possible id To locate , If the element does not id Property or id Is not the only , Reuse xpath How elements are positioned .

Xpath Is a general path location language , It can be used in web In the web page , Can also be used in app On the page , It can make the positioning expression more accurate by combining a variety of attribute conditions , Concrete Xpath usage , You can refer to XPath How elements are positioned .

secondly Android Uiautomator This way is suitable for Java Used in language , Other languages are not very convenient to use . if necessary , You can refer to Official website Usage of .

By viewing page properties , Put the copied attributes into the function , You can locate the element . For example, you can view the of an element id by com.keda.say:id/username , The corresponding code is ：

driver.find_element('id', 'com.keda.say:id/username')

You can also turn it into Xpath expression ：

driver.find_element('xpath', '//*[@id="com.keda.say:id/username"]')

Get element properties

find_element Method to locate the element , You will get an element object , Use this object to get the attributes of the element , Or call the method and operation event of the property .

• element.location_in_view
• element.location
• element.rect
• element.text
• element.get_attribute(‘clickable’)

summary

In any case , do ui Automation as long as you use find_element Method , The element is obtained through element positioning , The operation can only be performed on this element later .

I'm nine , Thank you for your patience in reading , See you next time .