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RAID configuration experiment
2022-07-24 06:35:00 【Walking Di five flowers】
Catalog
One 、RAID Disk array Introduction
Two 、 Commonly used RAID Array Introduction
1、RAID0 Disk array Introduction
2、RAID 1 Disk array Introduction
3、RAID 5 Disk array Introduction
4、RAID 10 Disk array Introduction
3、 ... and 、RAID Array experiment
One 、RAID Disk array Introduction
RAID： Independent redundant disk array
working principle ： Combine multiple independent physical hard disks in different ways to form a hard disk group ( Logical hard disk ), So as to provide higher storage performance than a single hard disk and provide data backup technology
RAID Commonly used ：RAID0,RAID1,RAID5,RAID6,RAID1+0,RAID 0+1 etc.
Two 、 Commonly used RAID Array Introduction
1、RAID0 Disk array Introduction
working process ： Put multiple physical hard disk devices ( At least two ） Connected in series by hardware or software , Form a large volume group , And write the data to each physical hard disk in turn , It is a kind of striped storage .
analysis ：RAID 0 It has a high data transmission rate ; There is no redundant （ Backup ）、 check , The reliability guarantee of data is low , It cannot be used in occasions with high safety requirements .
2、RAID 1 Disk array Introduction
working process ： Put multiple physical hard disk devices ( At least two ） Connected in series by hardware or software , Form a large volume group , The contents of each disk are the same , It is a kind of mirrored storage .
analysis ： Disk data mirroring realizes data redundancy （ Backup ）, When raw data is busy , Data can be read directly from the mirror copy , therefore RAID 1 Can improve read performance , But the reading performance is not RAID 0 high . High data security and reliability . When a disk fails , The system can automatically switch to read and write on the mirror disk .
3、RAID 5 Disk array Introduction
working principle ： Save data parity information to other hard disk devices .RAID 5 The parity information of the data in the disk array is not stored separately in a — Block hard disk device , Instead, it is stored on other hard disk devices besides itself .
analysis ： from N( At least 3 Block hard disk ) The disks form an array , A data generation N-1 A strip , As well as 1 Check data , common N The data is in N Cycle balanced storage on the block disk ;N Read and write at the same time , High reading performance , But because of the problem of checking mechanism , Write performance is relatively low (N-1)/N Disk utilization ; High reliability , Allow bad 1 Block plate , It doesn't affect all the data
4、RAID 10 Disk array Introduction
working principle ：RAID 10 The technology is RAID1+RAID0 One of the technologies “ assembly ”. You need at least 4 Block hard disk to build , Two of them are made into RAID 1 disk array , To ensure data security ; And then two more RAID1 Raid implementation RAID 0 technology , Into the — Step 1: improve the reading and writing speed of hard disk devices .
analysis ： RAID1+0 array ： First make a mirror image , And then make a strip ,N Block plate (N For the even , At least 4 A hard disk ) After two mirror images , Then combine it into a RAID 0, High performance , High reliability .
Four kinds of RAID Array comparison ：
| RAID Level | Number of hard disks | Disk utilization | Check function | Can break several disks | Write performance |
| RAID0 | N individual | N | nothing | 0 | Of a single hard disk N times |
| RAID1 | N individual （ even numbers ） | N/2 | nothing | 1 | Need to write two hard disks , Prepare for each other |
| RAID5 | least 3 individual | (N-1)/N | Yes | 1 | Need to calculate and verify |
| RAID10 | least 4 individual | N/2 | nothing | At most, each group can only be broken 1 individual | Double write calculation verification is required |
3、 ... and 、RAID Array experiment
RAID Use command mdadm
mdadm function ： Used to manage RAID Raid group , You can create 、 adjustment 、 monitor 、 Delete and other complete management operations
Grammar format ：mdadm [ Options ] Device name
Options ：-D ---- Show RAID Device details
-G ---- change RAID Size or shape of equipment
-C ---- hold RAID Information is written into each member super block
-v ----- Show RAID Details of the creation process
-l ----- Appoint RAID The level of
-n ---- Appoint RAID Number of active devices in
-f ---- hold RAID Members are listed as having problems , To remove the member
-r ---- hold RAID Members move out RAID equipment
-a ---- towards RAID Add — Members
-x ----- Specify initial RAID Number of spare members of the device
newly added 4 A hard disk , Set one for each hard disk 2G Main partition
Turn off firewall and central protection
1、RAID 0 disk array
( hold sdb1 and sdc1 Form a RAID 0 Array of disks )
① Grammatical format analysis ：mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -n2 -l0 /dev/sd[b,c]1
mdadm： command , At this point, create a disk array
-Cv Can be written separately -C -v ： Means to create a disk card , And show the detailed process
/dev/md0 ： Name of the array created
-n2 ： Appoint RAID The number of active devices in is 2
-10 ： Appoint RAID The number of levels is 0
/dev/sd[b,c]1 Which disks make up the disk array
It can also be permanently attached ：
mount -a
Speed measurement test ：
2、RAID 1 disk array
① hold sdd1 and sde1 Form a RAID 0 Array of disks
② see mdadm -D /dev/md1
③ format
④ mount Or permanently mount vim /etc/fstab
3、RAID 5 disk array
Use sdb2、sdc2、sdd2 form raid 5 And sde1 As a backup
① 
②
③ format
④ Mount or permanently mount vim /etc/fstab
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 7.8G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 91.7G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 8G 0 raid0 /data/raid0
├─sdb2 8:18 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sdb3 8:19 0 2G 0 part
├─sdb4 8:20 0 1K 0 part
└─sdb5 8:21 0 12G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 8G 0 raid0 /data/raid0
├─sdc2 8:34 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sdc3 8:35 0 2G 0 part
├─sdc4 8:36 0 1K 0 part
└─sdc5 8:37 0 12G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 4G 0 raid1 /data/raid1
├─sdd2 8:50 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sdd3 8:51 0 3G 0 part
├─sdd4 8:52 0 1K 0 part
└─sdd5 8:53 0 11G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sde 8:64 0 20G 0 disk
├─sde1 8:65 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 4G 0 raid1 /data/raid1
├─sde2 8:66 0 2G 0 part
├─sde3 8:67 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sde4 8:68 0 1K 0 part
└─sde5 8:69 0 12G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sr0 11:0 1 4.3G 0 rom
Simulate this sdb2 The dish is broken
Before bad ：
Set fault ： Set up sdb2 Something goes wrong
see raid 5
4、RAID 10 disk array
①
②
③ format
④ Mount or permanently mount vim /etc/fstab
⑤ [[email protected] data]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 7.8G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 91.7G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 8G 0 raid0 /data/raid0
├─sdb2 8:18 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sdb3 8:19 0 2G 0 part
├─sdb4 8:20 0 1K 0 part
└─sdb5 8:21 0 12G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 8G 0 raid0 /data/raid0
├─sdc2 8:34 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sdc3 8:35 0 2G 0 part
├─sdc4 8:36 0 1K 0 part
└─sdc5 8:37 0 12G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 4G 0 raid1 /data/raid1
├─sdd2 8:50 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sdd3 8:51 0 3G 0 part
├─sdd4 8:52 0 1K 0 part
└─sdd5 8:53 0 11G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sde 8:64 0 20G 0 disk
├─sde1 8:65 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 4G 0 raid1 /data/raid1
├─sde2 8:66 0 2G 0 part
├─sde3 8:67 0 2G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 4G 0 raid5 /data/raid5
├─sde4 8:68 0 1K 0 part
└─sde5 8:69 0 12G 0 part
└─md10 9:10 0 22G 0 raid10 /data/raid10
sr0 11:0 1 4.3G 0 rom
summary ：
RAID 0 It is a strip type Don't break any disk , Read write speed block , No backup
RAID 1 It is an image type Can break a disk , The reading and writing speed is not RAID 0 block , But there are backups , High safety
RAID 5 It is a strip plus check type , The most widely used type in production . The worst one is allowed
RAID 10 It's the mirror image first and the strip , Each group raid 1 A bad one is allowed at most
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