Software engineering review questions

This article is a summary of the review questions given by the teacher , So the question number is chaotic . The number of pages of the tender note , According to Shanghai Jiaotong University Press 《 Software Engineering 》（ Lu Huien ） Dimensioned .

Look for incorrect options ：

20． The following is a description of forward engineering and reverse engineering , Which... Is not correct （   ）

        A. Forward engineering is the process of transforming models into code through mapping to implementation languages ;

        B. Reverse engineering is the process of transforming code into models by mapping from a specific implementation language ;

        C. Forward engineering is the process of transforming code into models by mapping from a specific implementation language ;

        D. Forward engineering and reverse engineering can be realized through rose Support to achieve ;

         notes ： Reverse engineering is the process of transforming code into models by mapping from a specific implementation language ; Forward engineering is the process of transforming models into code through mapping to implementation languages

1. The following UML（ Modeling language ） Statement , What's not right is   (    )

        A. It is mainly graphic symbols , Describe the system design with object-oriented method

        B. Only used in the design phase of system development

        C. It can be used by users 、 Analyst 、 Create a comfortable dialogue between designers and software developers

        D. It's a language , For visualizing 、 specific 、 Different aspects of the internal system of structured and documented software

2.  The contents of the requirements specification shall not include a description of （  ） Description of .

        A． The main function                             B． The detailed process of the algorithm      

        C． User interface and running environment           D． The performance of the software

         notes ： The content of the software requirements specification is ： Software goals , Data description of the system 、 Function description and behavior description , Software validation criteria , Catalogue , Appendix, etc .（P62）

6. The following elements that are not object-oriented are （   ）.

        A． encapsulation           B． Inherit              C． polymorphic            D． abstract

         notes ： Three elements of object-oriented ： encapsulation 、 Inherit 、 polymorphic

2. The following declaration about class methods , What's not right is    (    )

        A. Method defines the actions permitted by the class

        B. All objects created from a class can use the same set of properties and methods

        C. Each method should have one parameter

        D. If similar operations are defined in the same class , Their behavior should be similar

3. Which of the following is not an element of the activity diagram （   ）

        A. Activities

        B. Pseudo code

        C. Bifurcation / Convergence

        D. Transfer

        E. Determination point / Branch point

         notes ： An activity diagram is a diagram that describes the behavior of a system ,（ Describe use cases from an object perspective ） It is used to show the sequence of activities carried out by the classes participating in the behavior . The components of the activity diagram are ： Action state 、 Activity status 、 Action flow （ Transfer ）、 Branching and merging 、 Diverge and merge 、 lane 、 Object flow .

8． The following statement about activity diagram is wrong （　）

        A. An activity diagram is essentially a flow chart , Show control flow from activity to activity

        B. Activity diagrams are used to model sequential and concurrent workflows in business processes .

        C. The basic elements in the activity diagram include status 、 Transfer 、 Branch 、 Bifurcation and confluence 、 lane 、 Object flow .

        D. The activity chart is UML One of the five diagrams used to model the static aspects of a system in

4． What is not true about collaboration diagrams is (    )

        A. Collaboration diagrams focus on events , Regardless of time

        B. In the collaboration diagram , Objects are displayed using class icons

        C. Collaboration diagrams allow you to display details of method calls

        D. Collaboration diagrams do not describe the interactions between objects

          notes ： The collaboration diagram is used to describe the interaction relationship and association link relationship between the objects cooperating with each other in the system , It is described in the form of object graph . Collaboration map （ Use cases are described by the interaction between objects ） By object 、 link 、 Message formation .

1. Description of collaboration diagram , Which of the following is not true （　）

        A. Collaboration diagram is an interaction diagram , The emphasis is on the organization of the objects participating in the interaction ;

        B. Collaboration graph is a special case of sequence graph

        C. There is the sequence number of message flow in the collaboration diagram

        D. stay ROSE In the tools , The collaboration diagram can be based on the sequence diagram “F5” Key auto generation

         notes ： Both collaboration diagrams and sequence diagrams describe the interaction between objects , But the focus is different . The sequence diagram emphasizes the time sequence of the interaction , The collaboration diagram emphasizes the static link relationship of interactive objects .

16． Sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the change of messages with time sequence , Which of the following is not part of the sequence diagram

        A. The signal

        B. Lifeline

        C. Activation period

        D. Class role

         notes ： Sequence diagram is an interaction diagram , Emphasize the chronological order of messages , Also called sequence diagram . The sequence diagram mainly includes 4 Elements ： object 、 Lifeline 、 Activation and messages .

18． Description of the package , Which... Is not correct （　）

        A. Like other modeling elements , Each package must have a name that is different from other packages ;

        B. Packages can contain other elements , Such as class 、 Interface 、 Components 、 Use cases, etc ;

        C. Package visibility is divided into ：public、protected、private;

        D. export （export） Make elements in one package of the one can access elements in another package in one way ;

         notes ： Packages can have UML Other elements in , Including class 、 Interface 、 Components 、 node 、 Collaboration 、 Use cases 、 You can even include other subpackages . introduce （import） Make elements in one package have one-way access to elements in another package . export （export） It refers to the included elements in the package that have public access . The relationship between packages ： generalization 、 rely on .

19． The component diagram is used to model the static implementation view of the system , This view mainly supports the configuration management of system components , It can usually be done in four ways , Which of the following is not one of them （　　）

        A. Modeling source code

        B. Modeling things

        C. Modeling physical databases

        D. Modeling adaptable systems

         notes ： Modeling things can't make component diagrams , Because the component diagram is the representation of the internal structure . Component diagram is also called component diagram , It is used to display the physical view of the system components and their relationships . There are two relationships between components ： Generalization and dependency . Constituent elements ： Components 、 Interface 、 Relationship 、 port 、 Connections .

1. Which of the following does not belong to UML Part of the system ：(    )

        A．UML Basic building blocks

        B．UML The rules

        C．UML Public mechanism

        D．Rational Rose

         notes ：UML A language system consists of building blocks 、 Rules and public mechanisms are three parts . The basic building blocks contain things respectively 、 Relationship 、 chart .

6． Which of the following is not a static diagram (    )

         A． Class diagram                       B． Use case diagram

        C． Component diagram                    D． Collaboration map

       notes ：UML The use case model of the system can be established 、 Static model 、 Dynamic model and implementation model . Use case models are described by use case diagrams ; Class diagram for static model 、 Object graph 、 Use case diagram 、 Component diagram 、 Deployment diagram, etc ; State diagram for dynamic model 、 Sequence diagram 、 Activity diagrams 、 Description of collaboration diagram, etc ; The implementation model includes component diagram and deployment diagram .

7. Which of the following is not UML Static view in （   ）

        A. State diagram                     B. Use case diagram

        C. Object graph                      D. Class diagram

1. stay UML Which of these is not part of the State  (    )

        A． name                              B． Get into / Exit action

        C． Substate                           D． visibility

3. In the following description , Which is not the basic principle of modeling （   ）

        A. Choose the model carefully

        B. Each model can represent the system to be developed at different accuracy levels

        C. Models should be linked to reality

        D. An important system can be fully described by a model

2． The following description of software features , Which is wrong （　）

        A. Software is developed or designed , Instead of being made

        B. Software won't “ abrasion ”, But it will “ degeneration ”

        C. The development of software has got rid of the development method of handicraft workshop

        D. Software is complex

6． Under the guidance of the bank staff , Use ATM machine , Check the personal accounting data of the bank accounting system , And print their individual user bills . In the process , Yes ATM Machine management system , Which is not a participant in the system (     )

        A. user                        B. Bank staff

        C. Printing system               D. Accounting system

7． Between use cases , There will be three different relationships , Which of the following is not a possible relationship between them （　）

        A. contain （include）                B. Expand （extend）

        C. generalization （generalization）     D. relation （connect）

    notes ： Three relationships between use cases ： Expand 、 contain 、 generalization .UML The four relationships contained in are ： relation （ One way Association 、 Two way connection 、 polymerization （ Is a special case of Association , Aggregation represents the relationship between classes as a whole and parts ））、 rely on 、 generalization （ General generalization 、 Restricted generalization ）、 Realization . Rely on, for example, the relationship between cars and license plates , Not fixed but dependent . Generalize, for example, the relationship between toads and amphibians .

10． event （event） The specification of a meaningful thing occupying a certain position in time and space , Which of the following is not the type of event （　）

        A. The signal                  B. Call event

        C. Space events          D. Time event

14．UML There are three types of , Which of the following is not one of them （    ）

        A. Entity class                 B. abstract class

        C. The control class                 D. Boundary class

    notes ：UML Class has three main versions ： Boundary class 、 Control class and entity class .

15． Read the legend , Judge which of the following statements is wrong .（     ）

 

        A. Readers can use the return use case of the system

        B. Each time you execute the book return case, you must execute the book query case

        C. Every time the book return case is executed, the penalty case must be executed

        D. It is possible to execute the book return use case as well as the book query use case , And pay a fine

Select the correct item ：

1. In order to improve the independence of the module , Between modules, it is better to （   ）.

        A． Data coupling      B． Control coupling         C． Public environment coupling         D． Feature coupling

         notes ： Try to use data coupling , Use less control coupling and feature coupling , Limit the scope of public environment coupling , No content coupling at all .

2. In the data flow oriented software design method , Generally, the information flow is divided into （   ）.

        A． Data flow and control flow             B． Exchange flow and control flow    

        C． Transaction flow and control flow             D． Exchange flow and transaction flow

         notes ： Types of data flow diagrams ： Transformational and transactional （P83）

3. All in the function module （  ） Often form a hierarchy , In this hierarchy, the process of a data flow diagram can be further illustrated by the data flow diagram at the next level .

        A． Event tracking chart          B． Data flow diagram      C． State transition diagram       D． Physical model diagram

         notes ： The graphical tools that can be used in the requirements analysis phase are entities — The diagram 、 Data flow diagram 、 State transition diagram 、 Hierarchical graph 、Warnier chart 、IPO chart . Data flow diagram is a graphic tool used to describe the logical model of software system , Used to describe the flow and processing of information in a system .（P43）

4． The object-oriented model mainly consists of which of the following models （   ）.

        A． The object model 、 dynamic model 、 Functional model        B． The object model 、 Data model 、 Functional model       

         C． Data model 、 dynamic model 、 Functional model         D． The object model 、 dynamic model 、 Data model

         notes ： The object-oriented analysis aims to build an object model for the system of the objective world 、 Dynamic model and functional model .（P210）

2. In the object-oriented analysis phase 3 In a model , The core model is （  ） Model .

        A． function        B． dynamic       C． object         D． static state

12. The first task of object-oriented analysis is to establish （  ）.

        A． Dynamic model of the system         B． Functional model of the system

        C． Basic E-R chart           D． The object model of the problem

         notes ： In the analysis phase, it is usually established that 3 Kind of model ： The object model 、 Dynamic model and functional model . First define the object and its attributes , Build an object model .（P176）

11. Many powerful functions and outstanding advantages of object-oriented software technology , It all comes from a system that organizes classes into a hierarchy , The upper layer of a class can have a parent class , The lower level can have subclasses , An important property of this hierarchical system is （  ）, A subsystem obtains the full description of its parent class （ Data and operations ）.

        A． Compatibility         B． inheritance        C． reusability       D． polymorphism

5. When examining some situations of the system involving timing and change , Use a dynamic model to represent . The dynamic model focuses on the control logic of the system , It includes two diagrams ： One is the event tracking chart , The other is （   ）.

        A． Sequence diagram         B． State diagram      C． System structure diagram        D． Data flow diagram

         notes ： The life cycle of objects and relationships is described by a dynamic model . Dynamic models describe the state of objects and relationships 、 Trigger event of state transition 、 Object's service （ Behavior ）.（P220）

2. Use （   ） describe Web Web pages and Java Applet Dependencies between applets

        A． Class diagram                       B． Deployment diagram

        C． State diagram                    D． Component diagram

    notes ： The component diagram shows components and their dependencies , It can be used to show how program code is broken down into modules or components .

28． What is a service that describes a class or component （ function ） Set of operations .  (     )

        A． Components                                            B． standard

        C． Interface                                           D． node

notes ： Definition of class diagram ： Is to display a set of classes 、 Interface 、 A graph of collaboration and the relationship between them . An interface is a class or component that provides , A collection of operations that can perform a specific function . 

30、（  ） Is something executed by the node

         A、 package                           B、 Components

        C、 Interface                        D、 node

         notes ： Components are things that participate in system execution , Nodes are things that execute components

30． A node is a physical element that exists at runtime and represents a computing resource , Nodes without computing power are called （）

        A． processor                                  B． standard

        C． Interface                                     D． equipment

         notes ：  Deployment diagram （deployment diagram） Describes the physical structure of the hardware and software in the system running the software , That is, the deployment of system resources during system execution , It is a static model . The deployment diagram is composed of node （ node ： Is a physical element that exists at runtime and represents a computer resource , It is generally used to model resources that perform processing goods calculation . There are processors and processes , The processor has computing power ）、 Connect （  Connect ： Represents the hardware connection between two nodes ） and equipment （ Equipment refers to nodes without processing capacity ） form .

1. stay UML in ,（ ） Figure shows a set of classes 、 Interface 、 Collaboration and the relationship between them .

        A、 State diagram                     B、 Class diagram

        C、 Use case diagram                     D、 Deployment diagram

6. stay E-R In the figure , Contains the following basic ingredients （   ）.

        A． data 、 object 、 Entity                B． control 、 Relationship 、 object

        C． Entity 、 Relationship 、 control                D． Entity 、 attribute 、 Relationship

11. In object-oriented analysis and design , About the prefix symbols of class attributes in class diagrams , The following descriptions are correct  (    )

        A. The public attribute of the class is preceded by -（ minus sign ）

        B. The protected member of the class is preceded by +（ plus ）

        C. The public attribute of a class is not preceded by any symbol

        D. None of the above is true

         notes ： public （+）、 private （-）、 The protection of （#）（P188）

12. In object-oriented analysis and design , Used to represent （   ） Our language is called “ Modeling language ”.

        A. class                  B. Model

        C. The process              D. Algorithm

10. In object-oriented technology ,（  ） Properties can be accessed from outside the class definition , and （  ） Properties cannot be accessed from outside the class definition .                        

        A. Private , The protection of         B. The protection of , Public

        C. Private , Public         D. Public , Private

5. In object-oriented analysis and design , In the following role related statements , The right is (    )

        A. The person who operates on the use case in each use case diagram is called an actor         B. Participants cannot be system time

        C. The participant must be a person or user                              D. Use cases do not consider participants outside the system

9. The following description of use cases and use case diagrams , The right ones (    )

        A. The system is an integral part of the use case model , It must represent a real software system

        B. In extended relationships , The extended use case must include all the behaviors of the extended original use case

        C. In the use case diagram , The participant can be a person , A machine or a system

        D. Use cases are represented by an ellipse with a name outside

8. UML The full name is （   ）.

        A． Unify Modeling Language          B． Unified Modeling Language          

        C． Unify Modem  Language            D． Unified Making Language 

10．UML It is an important tool in software development , Its main application is （ ）

        A． Structured method based on spiral model         B． Prototype method based on dynamic definition of requirements          

        C.  Data flow development method based on data         D． Object-based object-oriented approach

1.  UML There are four kinds of relations in ： rely on , generalization , Connection and （ ）

        A、 Inherit                  B、 cooperation

        C、 Realization                 D、 abstract

14．（   ） Is the process of refining a class into more specific classes .                    

        A. relation         B. Gather

        C. generalization         D. rely on

25．（   ） It's a relationship of use , It shows that a change in one thing may affect another thing that uses it , On the contrary, it may not .                                                                                   

        A． generalization                     C． rely on

        B． Realization                     D． relation

26．UML The multiplicity of associations in means   (    )

        A. How many methods of a class are called by another class

        B. How many instances of one class can be associated with another class

        C. The number of times a method of one class is called by another class

        D. Two classes have the same methods and properties

2.  UML Things in include ： Structural things , Group things , Annotate things and （   ）

        A、 Physical things                     B、 Boundary thing

        C、 Control things                     D、 Action things

         notes ：UML Things in include Structural things 、 Act things （ Action things ）、 Organize things （ Group things ） and Auxiliary things （ Annotate things ）. Structural things mainly include 7 Kind of , They are classes 、 Interface 、 Use cases 、 Collaboration 、 Activities 、 Components and nodes . There are two main kinds of behavioral things : Interaction and state machines . There is only one way to organize things ： package . Auxiliary things are also called annotation things , Only comments fall into this category .

3． stay UML in , Yes 3 Basic building blocks , Namely （   ）

        A. thing 、 Relationships and diagrams

        B. notes 、 Relationships and diagrams

        C. thing 、 Relationship and structure

        D. notes 、 Relationship and structure

1.  UML The system consists of three parts ：UML Basic building blocks ,（  ） and UML Public mechanism

        A. UML The rules                B. UML name

        C. UML Model                D. UML constraint

15. Classes can usually be divided into entity classes ,（  ） And boundary classes

           A、 Parent class                        B、 Subclass

           C、 The control class                    D、 Ancestors

       notes ：UML Three kinds of ： Entity class 、 Boundary class 、 The control class .

8.（  ） The disadvantage of the model is the lack of flexibility , In particular, it can not solve the problem of unclear or inaccurate software requirements

        A、 Waterfall model                    B、 Prototypes

        C、 Incremental model                     D、 Spiral model

         notes ： The waterfall model development method is applicable when the software requirements are relatively clear , The development technology is mature , It is used when the project management is strict .

22. UML Provides 4 A structure diagram is used to visualize the static aspects of the system 、 detailed 、 Construct and document . among （　　） It is the most commonly used graph in object-oriented system modeling , Static design view used to describe the system ; When it is necessary to explain the static state of the system Realization In view , You should choose （　　）; When you need to explain the static of the architecture The implementation of In view , You should choose （　　）

        A． Component diagram 　　　       B． Class diagram 　　　　  C． Object graph 　　　　　D． Deployment diagram

        A． Component diagram 　　　       B． Collaboration map 　　　  C． State diagram 　　　　　D． Deployment diagram

        A． Collaboration map 　　　       B． Object graph 　　　  C． Activity diagrams 　　　　　D． Deployment diagram

23． The activity diagram describes which object completes each activity , The technology used is (     )

        A. Branch                               C． Participate in

        B． lane                             D． Combine

25． Use cases （Use-case） Used to describe the actions taken by the system in response to events . There is a correlation between use cases . In a “ Order entry subsystem ” in , Both creating new orders and updating orders need to check whether the user account is correct . that , Use cases “ Create new order ”、“ Update order ” And use cases “ Check user account ” Between （　　） Relationship

        A. Expand （extend）                              B. contain （include）

        C. classification （classification）                    D. Gather （aggregation）

         notes ： Three relationships between use cases ： Expand 、 contain 、 generalization .

22． The relationship between the use case of returning books and the use case of paying fines in the library management system is ：(     )

        A． generalization                       B． contain                               C. Expand

8. foo Class bar class . besides , There is no other relationship between the two classes .foo Classes and bar The relationship between classes is (     )

        A． relation                       B． rely on

        C． Inherit                       D． Realization                E． Gather   

28． If object A You can give objects B Send a message , that (    )

        A. object B You can see the object A

        B. object A You can see the object B

        C. object A, B Can be invisible to each other

        D. object A, B Can be visible to each other

29． What stereotypes enable elements in one package to access elements in another package           (     )

        A．《import》                           C．《export》

        B．《entity》                             D．《interface》

9. The waterfall model describing the life cycle in software engineering generally includes planning 、 Demand analysis 、 Design code 、（   ）、 Maintenance and other stages .

        A． Product release                         B． Version update        

        C． Feasibility analysis                     D． test

       notes ： The software development models are ： Waterfall model 、 Rapid prototyping model 、 Incremental model 、 Fountain model 、 Spiral model and unified process . Waterfall model divides software life cycle into planning period （ Problem definition 、 Feasibility study and needs analysis ）、 Development period （ Outline design 、 Detailed design 、 Software implementation 、 software test ）、 Operation period （ maintain ）.（P17）

10. The car has an engine 、 The relationship between car and engine is （   ） Relationship .

        A． assemble                           B． whole 、 part  

        C． classification                           D． Generally specific

1. In the activity chart , Use cases and （   ） There is usually a chronological order between the activities in the behavior of .

        A． class         B． object         C． state        D． practitioners

         notes ： It is UML Graphics used to model the dynamic activities of a system in , It reflects the process from one activity to another in the system . An activity diagram is a special state diagram . It is used to represent the class of use case interaction process or operation execution process 、 The sequence of activities carried out by people or departments .（P195）

24、 If the activity state is compared to a method , Then the action state is （   ）

         A、 Method name                                     B、 Method return value

        C、 Every statement in the method body           D、 Visibility of methods

25、 Events can be divided into internal events and external events . Press the button and the printer interrupt is （   ） event

        A、 Internal events                      B、 External events

26、（    ） Is a general mechanism for organizing elements into groups

         A、 package                         B、 class

         C、 Interface                      D、 Components

26．（　） Is to describe the system at a certain time , A graph of a set of objects and their relationships , It can be seen as an example of a class diagram at a certain time in the system .

        A． Component diagram 　　　          B． Class diagram 　　　　       C． Object graph 　　　　　D． Deployment diagram

         notes ： Object is an instance of a class , So an object graph can be seen as an instance of a class graph .（P192） An object graph is a graph that describes objects and their relationships . The constituent elements of the object graph ： object 、 Connect 、 package .

14. The class diagram should be drawn in Rose Which kind of （  ） In the view

        A、Use Case View                        B、Logic View

        C、Component View                     D、Deployment View

notes ： stay Rational Rose The model includes four views , They are use case views （use case view）、 Logical view （logical view）、 Component view （componentview） And deployment view （deployment view）.use case view The following charts are included in ：use case diagram （ Use case diagram ）、sequence diagram （ Sequence diagram ）、collaboration diagram（ Collaboration map ）、activity diagram （ Activity diagrams ）;LogicalView The following types of charts are included ： Class  diagram （ Class diagram ）、Statechart  diagram （ State diagram ）;

1. The picture below is （  ）

        A、 Class diagram                       B、 Use case diagram

        C、 Activity diagrams                     D、 State diagram

    notes ： The main elements of a use case diagram are use cases 、 Executor and correspondence . Use cases are represented by ellipses , The executor uses a villain to show .

22、 The white arrow line in the following figure indicates （  ） Relationship

         A、 generalization                     B、 contain

         C、 Expand                      D、 Realization

5.（  ） This paper describes the dynamic cooperative relationship between a group of interactive objects , It represents the objects that complete a certain behavior and the chronological order of information transferred between these objects .

        A． Class diagram           B． Sequence diagram        C． State diagram        D． Collaboration map

         notes ： Sequence diagrams describe the dynamic interaction between objects , Emphasize the chronological order of message passing between objects .（P194）

4. UML Which kind of graph in （  ） A work step used to describe a process or operation             

        A、 State diagram                     B、 Activity diagrams

        C、 Use case diagram                     D、 Deployment diagram

23、 The component diagram shows the components and dependencies between a set of components . It focuses on systematic （  ） Realize the figure

         A、 dynamic                      B、 static state

        C、 Basics                      D、 Entity

         notes ： Object graph for static model 、 Class diagram 、 Use case diagram 、 Component diagram 、 Deployment diagram, etc .（P184）

16. The sequence diagram consists of class roles , Lifeline , Activation period and （） form

           A、 Relationship                      B、 news

           C、 Use cases                      D、 Entity

       notes ： The sequence diagram mainly includes 4 Elements ： object 、 Lifeline 、 Activation and messages .

13. Modeling reactive objects generally uses （  ） chart

           A、 State diagram                      B、 Sequence diagram

           C、 Activity diagrams                      D、 Class diagram

       notes ： State means that certain conditions are met during the life cycle of an object 、 A condition or condition that performs certain activities or waits for certain events . A state usually consists of name 、 Get into / Exit activity 、 Internal conversion 、 Substatus and delay events   And so on . Application description of state diagram ：① Yes Object lifecycle modeling  ： It mainly describes the events that the object can respond to 、 The response to these events and the impact of the past on current behavior ② Yes Reactive objects modeling ： The object may be in a stable state 、 Trigger events required for transitions from one state to another , And what happens when each state changes ③ The state diagram can be used to represent the knowledge of a business domain , It can also be used to describe the state transition of objects in the design stage

9． In the following illustration , Which describes the State （State）（   ）

A                     B                    C                   D

       notes ： Oval or rounded rectangle , Represents a state of an object , Fill in the status name inside the ellipse .（P193） The state diagram consists of states 、 transformation 、 event 、 Activities and movements  5  Part of it is made up of .

11． In the following statement about state diagram , The right is （　　　）

        A. State diagram yes UML One of five diagrams that model the static aspects of a system in .

        B. A state diagram is a special case of an activity diagram , Most states in a state diagram are active states

        C. Activity diagrams and state diagrams are used to model the life cycle of an object , Describe the behavior of an object over time .

        D. The state diagram emphasizes the modeling of the active process with several objects involved , Activity diagrams emphasize modeling a single reactive object

         notes ： Activity diagram is a special case of state diagram .（P195）

7. In object-oriented analysis and design , The following statements are correct                 (     )

        A. Through the deployment diagram , You can understand the topology of system nodes as a whole

        B. In the deployment diagram , Use dependency symbols to connect nodes

        C. Deployment diagram nodes cannot contain components

        D. Deployment diagram is used to describe the composition of software in the system

         notes ： The deployment diagram describes the physical topology of the system hardware and the software executed on this structure . The deployment diagram can display the topology and communication path of the computing node 、 Software components running on nodes .

21． stay UML in ,      Divide the activities in the activity diagram into several groups , And assign the divided group to the object , These objects must perform the activities included in the Group , It can clearly indicate which activities are completed by which objects . 

        A． Combined activities 　　　   B． Sync bar 　　　　  C． Activities 　　　　　D． lane

    notes ： Swimlane diagram , A kind of UML Activity diagrams , It can clearly reflect which department an action takes place in

17. （  ） It is a physical part of the system that complies with a set of interfaces and provides implementation , It usually refers to the physical implementation of development and runtime classes

         A、 Deployment diagram                      B、 class

        C、 Interface                          D、 Components

20．（   ） It is physical in the system 、 Replaceable parts , Is a physical package that describes some logical elements .

        A． class                                     B． Interface

        C． Use cases                                 D． Components

21、（  ） It's reusable , Provide program code blocks with clear interfaces to complete specific functions .

         A、 modular                      B、 function

         C、 Use cases                      D、 Software component

20、 Between one object and another , Communicate through messages . Message communication in an object-oriented language is （   ）

            A、 Method realization                      B、 Method nesting

            C、 Method call                      D、 Method definition

4. The purpose of software debugging is （  ）.

        A． Find out where the mistake is and correct it         B． Eliminate the possibility of errors           

        C． Classify the nature of the error         D． Count the number of errors

17． Below （ ） The figure shows the end state                                               

         notes ： On the left is the start state , On the right is the end state . There can only be one start state in an activity diagram , But there can be multiple end states .

Completion ：

4. Machine oriented languages include machine languages and assembly language .

1. Waterfall model It is to integrate all phases of the software life cycle , Connect in linear order , Document driven models .

notes ： Waterfall model ： canonical 、 Document driven approach . The development phase is carried out in sequence , Applicable to clear demand analysis 、 The development technology is mature .（P25）

2. Fountain model It is driven by the needs of users , Object driven model , Suitable for object-oriented software development methods .

3. At present, the most widely used software engineering methodology can be divided into Traditional methodology and Object oriented methodology Two types of .

notes ：（P11）

4. stay Unified process Use case driven and architecture first strategies are adopted in , And the iterative incremental construction method , Make software “ Step by step ” To be developed .

5. The way entities relate to each other is called Relationship （ contact ）. Relationships can be divided into one-to-one relationships 、 One to many and many to many .

6. Software engineering methodology has 3 The three elements are Method 、 Tools and The process .

notes ：（P11）

7．UML Figure including Use case diagram 、 Class diagram 、 Object graph 、 State diagram 、 Sequence diagram 、 Activity diagrams 、 Collaboration map , Component diagram 、 Deployment diagram 9 Kind of .

1. Component diagram Describe the interdependencies between software components .

13. Deployment diagram Describe the physical topology of the computer system hardware and the software executed on this structure .

8. Data flow diagram It is a graphic tool to describe the logical model of software system , Used to describe the flow and processing of information in a system .

9. stay UML In the view , The structural classification includes Static view 、 Use case view and Implementation view .

notes ：（P201）

12．UML Common views are 5 Kind of ： Use case view 、 Logical view 、 Concurrent view 、 Component view and Deployment view .

notes ：（P203）

10. Object oriented analysis , To build The object model 、 dynamic model and Functional model .

11. synthetic relation and Aggregate relationship Is a special relationship , They all describe the relationship between the whole and the part .

12. The side effects of software maintenance are 3 Kind of , Namely Coding side effects 、 Data side effects 、 Document side effects .

notes ：（P160）

14. During software maintenance , At present, software reuse technology is often used 、 Reverse engineering and Reengineering .

notes ：（P164）

13. The main content of software engineering is Software development technology and Software engineering management .

notes ：（P10）

3. In traditional software engineering , Software life cycle includes feasibility study 、 Demand analysis 、 Outline design and detailed design 、 Software implementation stage 、 Comprehensive test stage and Software operation and maintenance .

14.. The detailed design stage is mainly completed 3 A mission ： Software process design 、 System interface design and Data design .

notes ：（P66）

15. The most basic element of a software architecture is Software component , Connections and To configure .

notes ： The core models of software architecture are ： artifacts 、 Connections 、 To configure 、 Ports and roles . The most basic is software components 、 Connections and configurations .（P226）

15． Reexamination means that the results of the requirements analysis are subject to Systems Analyst And users' strict review .

Judgment questions ：

1. The final purpose of the test is to prove that the program is error free （×）

2. The acceptance test is based on the system specification （√）

3. If A,B Are two test equivalence classes ,M yes A,B An example of , take M Make test cases , The efficiency of the test must be high .（√）

4. Software is a program , Writing software is writing programs .（×）

5. UML It is an intuitive 、 General purpose 、 Visual modeling language .（√）

6. The fundamental basis for testing a module is the test case .（×）

7. The top-down and bottom-up assembly testing strategies are combined according to the structure diagram , Faster than incremental assembly testing .(×)

8. There must be and can only be one start tag in the activity diagram .（√）

9. Cause and effect diagram can be used to design test cases systematically .（×）

10. C Language is a pure object-oriented language .（×）

1. When building an object model , First, determine the object 、 class , Then analyze the classes of objects and their relationships .（ A ）

2. The biggest advantage of waterfall model is that it clearly divides the various stages of software development （ B ）

3. Software tools for requirements analysis , It should be able to ensure the correctness of the requirements , That is to verify the consistency of requirements 、 integrity 、 Reality and effectiveness .（ A ）

4. The white box test is a structural test , It mainly designs test cases based on the internal logic structure of the program .（ A ）

5. Exhaustive testing of programs can be done under normal circumstances .（ B ）

Short answer ：

1. What is a software crisis ？ What are the main aspects of software crisis ？（P5）

Software crisis refers to a series of problems encountered in the development and maintenance of computer software . Software crisis mainly includes two aspects ： One is how to develop software to meet the growing demand of society for software ; The second is how to maintain the growing number of existing software .

2. Briefly describe the elements and advantages of the object-oriented method .（P178）

There are four elements to an object-oriented approach ： object 、 class 、 Inherit and communicate with messages .

The main advantages ：① Consistent with human habitual way of thinking ② Good stability ③ Good reusability ④ Easy to develop large software products ⑤ Good maintainability

3. The object-oriented model needs to abstract the objects in the problem domain , What are the abstract principles ？

Abstraction is to extract the essential characteristics of things without considering their details for the time being . Principles are divided into inclusion principles and exclusion principles .

1. What is a feasibility study ？（P31）

Feasibility study refers to the detailed investigation and study of users , Determine the system functions of the developed software 、 performance 、 The goal is 、 scale , The interrelationship between the software system and other systems or other software .

2. What does object-oriented design contain ？（P236）

The object-oriented design phase is an extension 、 The process of perfecting and refining the object model , Services in design classes 、 The algorithm of service implementation is an important task of object-oriented design , In addition, we need to design the class association 、 Interface form and optimization of design .

3. sketch UML Use standard side .

1. Choose the right UML chart .
2. Model only the key things .
3. Draw the model diagram hierarchically .
4. The model should be consistent .
5. The model and its elements should be of moderate size .

1. What is a module ？ What attributes does the module have ？（P71）

Modules can be individually named , A sequence of program elements defined by boundary elements . In software architecture , Modules can perform certain functions independently , It can be combined 、 Decomposed and replaced units .

The attributes of the module are ： name 、 Interface 、 function 、 Logic 、 state .

2. What is reverse engineering and reengineering ？（P169）

Reverse engineering is based on existing products , Reverse product design data （ Including various design drawings or data models ） The process of . therefore , Reverse engineering can be considered as a process from product to design .

Reengineering is guided by software engineering methodology , Investigate the existing object system , And reconstruct it into the development process of new form code .

3. What is software architecture ？ What are the elements of the core model of the software architecture ？（P226）

Software architecture is based on certain design principles , Match and arrange the parts of the system from different angles , An architecture that forms multiple structures of a system .

The core module of the software architecture consists of the following elements ： artifacts 、 Connections 、 To configure 、 Ports and roles . among , The most basic element is the software component 、 Connections and configurations .

4. What is software maintenance ？ What kinds of it ？（P154）

Software maintenance is to modify the software product after delivery , To troubleshoot , Or improve performance and other properties , Or adapt the product to a changed environment .

Software maintenance is divided into corrective maintenance 、 Adaptive maintenance 、 Integrity maintenance 、 Preventive maintenance 4 Types