How to communicate with aliens

If the earth comes into contact with an alien for the first time , So how do humans and aliens translate each other's languages ？

We assume that both civilizations have a certain degree of development , Have a certain understanding of the universe , Of course , It is possible that aliens believe that there are five basic forces in the universe, which have been basically confirmed .

（1） Do aliens have language

If aliens do not rely on sound but on other means to transmit information , For example, by electromagnetic waves ？

Even sound , Whether human beings have a way to judge 2 This voice expresses the same word ？

Even more , Even if aliens have the concept of language , It may be completely different from human grammar , Human grammar is spelling words from left to right , And words are very limited .

The deadliest thing is , Aliens may think differently from humans , Perhaps there is no specific human + Abstract thinking , Or the abstract system is completely different .

（2） We need to classify non compound words , In Aristotle's 《 Instrumental theory 》 in , All non compound words include ： Entity 、 Number 、 nature 、 Relationship 、 And where 、 when 、 Where 、 all 、 action 、 To bear .

As you can imagine , Aliens may not classify words exactly , But some should be the same , Such as entities and abstractions .

（3） Entity

As you can imagine , When 2 People from different continents first came into contact with , One person wants to tell another person , The things he hasn't seen are food . It's too simple .

Because the concept of eating is naturally unified , Just one bite for one person , Another person can know the meaning , Even the emotional system is naturally unified .

But for aliens , If he doesn't need to eat to replenish energy , Or he only eats silicon brand food , No need to drink water , Humans only eat carbon brand food and water , Can humans and aliens align this concept ？

（4） Abstract concept

Number 、 nature 、 Relationship 、 And where 、 When these concepts should be consistent even for aliens .

It was also suggested that , Is it possible for aliens , The way of thinking is very different from human beings , For example, is the human way of thinking because human brain signals are high and low levels , Like an electronic computer . Is it possible that aliens are like quantum computers , At the same time, calculate the probability of various possibilities ？