Prepare these before the interview. The offer is soft. The general will not fight unprepared battles

《 Sun Tzu's art of war 》 There are clouds. ： The temple is the winner before the battle , It's a lot ; The temple is not the winner before the war , It's less . More is more , Less is more , Not to mention nothing ！ I take this view , I'll see the winner .

This can be extended to prepare for the interview in advance , Can greatly increase our chances of taking offer Success rate of , Now let's talk about the high-frequency questions you may ask during the interview , We're ready ！

 

One 、 Problem prediction

1. Let me briefly introduce myself （ The beginning of each interview ）

2. Let's talk about what we will

3. What books did you read （ Someone asked ）

4. What technology blogs have you learned / Forum （ Someone asked ）

5. Do you know what knowledge software testing needs to master （ Ask similar questions ）

6. I've been interviewed before , What do you think you need to add ？ What actions have been taken ？

7. Why do tests , What do you think are the advantages of testing yourself ？（ Someone asked ）

8. What do you know Bug System

9. The basic elements of a test case are ?

Two 、 Introduce the company's project

 

xxapp, Is a collection of short videos 、 game 、 live broadcast 、 Social interactive content Entertainment APP. The company releases a larger version about a month , Demand number 20 How many? -40 Several unequal ( Number of cases xx+), Requirements included in each release www\wap、 Background and client requirements . Project sub client version leader 、 Background version owner 、H5 Version owner, etc , The person in charge shall lead and implement the whole test process . What roles have I played H5 Event director 、 Recommended engine version owner 、 Client and background system testers . The number of module use cases in charge is about 500 about .

This is the point , The next article will tell you how to finish the resume project and how to write the project into your resume

3、 ... and 、 In terms of skills

1、 Common sense in database

l Relational database ： Reduce complex data structures to simple binary relationships （ In two-dimensional form ）, adopt SQL Structured query statements store data

Typical products ：

Mysql： The Internet 、 Large, medium and small websites , Game company , E-commerce platform and so on . Small volume 、 Fast 、 The cost is low 、 Open source

Oracle： Traditional big business 、 A large company 、 The government 、 Finance 、 Securities, etc . Security 、 The high cost 、

l Non relational database ： Non relational databases are also called NoSQL database ,NOSQL The original intention is “Not Olnly SQL”.NOSQL For high performance 、 High concurrency

Other categories

1） Key value （Key-Value） Storage database ： It mainly uses a hash table , This table has a specific key and a pointer to a specific data . Simple 、 Easy to deploy 、 High concurrency

A typical ：Redis、Memcached

2） Column store （Column-oriented） database ： Deal with the massive data of distributed storage . If we have one Person class , We usually check their names and ages together , Not salary . In this case , The name and age will be put into a clan , The salary is in another family .

A typical ：Hbase

3） Document oriented database ： The smallest unit of data storage is the document

A typical ：Mongodb、Hive

Mongodb A product between relational database and non relational database . High performance 、 Easy to deploy 、 Easy to use , It's very convenient to store data .

Hive It can be used for statistical queries ,HBase It can be used for real-time query

Some additions, deletions, modifications and written examination questions are prepared

（ Another one ）

2、linux operation

linux Set up the test environment , such as web System service construction .

Some common commands are prepared

（ Another one ）

3、 Defect aspect （ Someone asked ）

Describe a person who impressed you most bug

When doing the test of uploading video , Discover Huawei's glory V10 Upload the video recorded in the professional mode of the camera on the mobile phone, and the video will flash back . and ios Failed to upload the same video prompt synthesis .

I send videos of the same length recorded in professional mode and normal mode with my mobile phone's own camera to the computer , Use format factory software to view the differences of videos , After that, I found that video coding is different .

I continued to check the knowledge of video coding on the Internet , Find out mp4 There are several kinds of video coding , And continue to test and verify our app Uploaded videos only support mp4 In the video H.264 Coding format . So I submitted a video upload, which does not support non H.264 Video format . And supplemented and improved the relevant use cases .

（ Because I don't have the right to check the log in the company , So you should check the log first ）

4、 Use case part

The scene lets you design a use case , Like a water cup 、 How to test the stool ？

The first thing to say is , Encounter such a test problem , First, you should ask the interviewer , What are the needs , For example, what kind of cup .

Because the rule of designing test cases should be to design test cases according to requirements analysis documents , What customers need , Just test what .

But without the requirement analysis document , To design test cases , A tester can test basic skills , For example, consider whether the problem is comprehensive , Whether the method of designing test cases is reasonable, etc .

Generally, test cases are designed according to their daily experience and test thinking . When designing test cases, it is generally analyzed from the following aspects ： A functional test , Performance testing , Interface tests , Safety test , Compatibility test , Usability testing , Reliability test , localization / International testing .

Example （ Another one ）

5、 Software testing process

The company strictly standardizes the test process and test documents , The first is to participate in the requirements review , Write a test plan 、 Test plan 、 The test case , Conduct internal review of test plan and use case of test team , External review .

Extract some level-1 use cases and submit them to R & D self-test , After the R & D self-test is passed, start a round of system test .

Found and submitted during the test 、 Tracking problems .

After the problem is fixed, carry out regression test .

After a round of test, smoke test the repair package , If the test passes, a second round of test will be carried out .

After the completion of the second round of testing, the requirements cross testing will be carried out .

Complete the test, prepare the system test report and submit the acceptance test report . Pass the acceptance test and output the acceptance test report .

6、 Network related

Network protocol , Such as TCP/UDP The difference between ？（https://www.cnblogs.com/steven520213/p/8005258.html）

1、TCP Connection oriented （ If you want to make a call, dial to establish a connection ）;UDP It's disconnected , That is, you don't need to establish a connection before sending data

2、TCP Provide reliable service . in other words , adopt TCP Connect the transmitted data , No mistakes , No loss , No repetition , And arrive in order ;UDP Do your best to deliver , That is, there is no guarantee of reliable delivery

3、TCP Byte stream oriented , It's actually TCP Think of data as a stream of unstructured bytes ;UDP It's message oriented

UDP no congestion control , Therefore, the network congestion will not reduce the transmission rate of the source host （ Useful for real-time applications , Such as IP Telephone , Real time video conference, etc ）

4、 Every one of them TCP Connections can only be point-to-point ;UDP Support one-to-one , One to many , Many to one and many to many interactive communication

5、TCP First cost 20 byte ;UDP The cost of the first part is small , Only 8 Bytes

6、TCP The logical communication channel of is a full duplex reliable channel ,UDP It's an unreliable channel

Three handshakes and four waves

Three handshakes popular version ：

The first handshake ： The client should communicate with the server , First, tell the server , Then a message was sent SYN=1 Connection request signal ,” Server brother , I want to talk to you ”.

The second handshake ： When the server receives the connection request from the client , At this point, a confirmation message should be sent to the client ,” I got it! （ACK）, My side is ready , Can you connect now （SYN）”.

The third handshake ： When the client receives the connection confirmation information from the server , Be polite to inform the server ,“ well , Let's start connecting （ACK）”.

At this point, the whole process of establishing a connection is over , The next step is the process of communicating and transmitting information at the same time .

Wave four times to disconnect the popular version ：

First wave ： The communication between the two sides is almost complete , At this point, the client is finished , Next, disconnect the communication connection , So tell the server “ I had said （FIN）”, At this time, it forms a state of waiting for the end of connection .

Second wave ： The server knows that the client has nothing to say , At this time, the server has two more words to say to the client “ I know you're done （ACK）, Let me say two more words &*…%￥”…

Third wave ： At this point, the client is all ears and continues to wait for the end , The server is finished , It is in the state of waiting to close the connection , And tell the client ,“ I had said , Let's break it （FIN）”.

Fourth wave ： The client knows that the server has finished , Also tell the server （ACK）, Because connection and disconnection can only be disconnected when both sides press the close operation , The client also defines a timer for itself , Because I don't know whether the sentence just said can reach the server accurately （ Network instability or other factors caused by network reasons ）.

Therefore, the default time is the sum of the maximum time of two communications , Beyond this time, the default server has received its own confirmation information , At this point, the client will close its connection , Once the server receives the confirmation notification from the client, it will immediately close the connection of the server .

So far, the whole communication process between the two sides has ended .

Here's a statement ： Disconnection is not necessarily the client , Anyone can initiate a disconnect first , In addition, there is no fixed standard for client and server , Who initiates the request first is the client .

Shake hands three times ：

In the first message ,A Randomly select a sequence number as its initial sequence number and send it to B;

The second news B Use ack Yes A Confirm the packet , Because we have received the serial number x Data packets of , Ready to receive serial number x+1 My bag , therefore ack=x+1, meanwhile B tell A Your initial serial number , Namely seq=y;

The third message A tell B received B Confirm the message and prepare to establish the connection ,A The serial number of this message is x+1, therefore seq=x+1, and ack=y+1 Is said A Preparing to receive B Serial number for y+1 Data packets of .

Wave four times to explain ：

because TCP Full duplex on connection , therefore , Each direction must be closed separately , The principle is that when one party completes the data transmission task , Send a FIN To terminate the connection in this direction ,

Receive a FIN It just means there's no data flow in this direction , No more data , But here TCP Data can still be sent on the connection , Until it's sent in that direction FIN.

Active shutdown will be performed by the first party to close , The other party performs a passive shutdown , This is what is described above .
（1） First wave ：Client Send a FIN, Used to close Client To Server Data transfer of ,Client Get into FIN_WAIT_1 state .
（2） Second wave ：Server received FIN after , Send a ACK to Client, Confirmation No. is receipt No +1（ And SYN identical , One FIN Occupy a sequence number ）,Server Get into CLOSE_WAIT state .
（3） Third wave ：Server Send a FIN, Used to close Server To Client Data transfer of ,Server Get into LAST_ACK state .
（4） Fourth wave ：Client received FIN after ,Client Get into TIME_WAIT state , And then send a ACK to Server, Confirmation No. is receipt No +1,Server Get into CLOSED state , Finish four waves .

7、 Testing tools

Testing tools , It's just these kinds of ：

Automated test tool ( Such as QTP)

Performance testing tools ( Such as loadrunner)

Test management class （ Such as jira）

Safety test tools

Penetration testing tools

8、 Other conceptual issues

Beta Test and Alpha What's the difference between tests

1、Alpha test

Alpha Testing is done by the user in the development environment , It can also be a test conducted by users inside the development organization under the simulated actual operating environment . Developers sit next to users , This is tested in a developer controlled environment . The developer shall record the errors and problems in use at any time .

2、Beta test

Beta Testing is a test conducted by multiple users of the software in the actual use environment of one or more users . Developers are usually not at the test site , This is a test conducted in an environment beyond the control of the developer . The user records all problems encountered , Report to developers regularly .beta Testing is the first mock exam to detect defects in real environments.

3、 The acceptance test

Acceptance test is a user oriented test , Software development and QA People should also take part in , Testing is usually done at the user's location , A series of acceptance tests to verify whether the software product meets all requirements .

Limited to the company doing the project , After the internal test of the Department is stable , According to the requirements in the contract, the owner shall conduct acceptance test . The purpose of acceptance testing is to discover ” Unrealized requirements ” For the purpose , To evaluate ” Suitable for use ” Target , The main purpose of this kind of testing is not to find defects .

difference ： The main difference between the two is that the testing place is different .

Alpha Testing is to invite users to the developer's place to test ,beta Testing refers to the testing conducted in the place of one or more users .Alpha The test environment is controlled by the developer , The number of users is relatively small , Time is more concentrated .

and beta The testing environment is not controlled by the developer , No one knows how users torture Software , The number of users is relatively large , Time is not concentrated .

In a general way ,alpha Testing precedes beta The test execution . General software products need large-scale software beta test , The test cycle is long . If the product passes beta test , Then it can be officially released .

Alpha Testing is the testing of an application system as the development of the system approaches completion ; There are still a few design changes after testing . This kind of testing is usually done by the end user or others , Can't be done by a program or Tester .

Beta test Tests done when development and testing are fundamentally complete , The final errors and problems need to be found before the final release . This kind of testing is usually done by the end user or others , It can't be done by a programmer or tester .

Four 、 Do you have anything else to ask （ Must answer ）

This is mainly about salary composition , Job content, benefits, etc

5、 ... and 、 The resume template

One 、 Problem prediction

1. Let me briefly introduce myself （ Needless to say, every interview starts ）

Hello , My name is xx, come from xx, Graduated from xx. At present, I have two years of functional testing experience . My last job was xx company , Mainly involved in app The system test , be responsible for xxapp, Tiktok: a short video similar to the jitter app A functional test , The functional modules I have been responsible for are shooting 、 Upload 、 Search for 、 Recommend engines, etc . Mainly using boundary value , Equivalence class , Common black box test methods such as error speculation .

2. Let's talk about what we will

I am familiar with the basic theory and process of software testing , Test methods, etc , Yes app test 、web test 、 Interface test experience . Familiar with database addition, deletion, modification and query , Familiar with using test management tools .

3. What books did you read （ Someone asked ）

software test , The art of software testing 、 Software testing practical tutorial , I finished watching Xiang Liang's during the short video recommendation engine test 《 Recommended system practice 》 Mainly the evaluation part of the recommendation system .

4. What technology blogs have you learned / Forum （ Someone asked ）

51testing Forum ,CSDN Some blogs （ The interview experience ： Which blogs will be asked during the interview ）, And the official account （ Sogou test 、 Software testing resource sharing ）

5. Do you know what knowledge software testing needs to master （ Someone asked similar questions ）

Software testing Basics , technological process , Test case method , Database related knowledge , Caught analysis , The interface test 、 Testing tools 、 Performance test, etc .

6. I've been interviewed before , What do you think you need to add ？ What actions have been taken ？

Many companies have requirements for performance testing and automated testing tools , Because the previous work mainly involves functional testing , Therefore, the knowledge reserve in this area is not enough . But recently I've been learning this knowledge , I hope I can study deeply in my work in the future .

7. Why do tests , What do you think are the advantages of testing yourself ？（ Someone asked ）

I think my personality is more suitable for testing . I am more careful and patient , Consider things more comprehensively , This is very helpful for me when designing test cases , And I can communicate well with people , When we have communication conflicts between testing and development, I can also solve them well , I usually like to brush microblog 、 See the popular comments , Like to study the public psychology , This helps me design test points from the user's point of view .

8. What do you know Bug System

ZenTao /bugzila etc.

9. The basic elements of a test case are ?

Version number , Function module , Priority , precondition , step , Expected results , Actual results, etc .

I need my interview experience after preparation 、 Summary of interview questions 、 Interview resume can be private key words ” interview “ Free access

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