[step 1 of advanced automated testing] 1 minute to introduce you to automated testing

Let me write it first ： At present, automated testing is nothing new , In other words, various methodologies of automated testing have emerged in endlessly , however , There are not many teams that can understand automated testing and implement it well , Let's introduce automated testing in a popular way ……

First of all, let's start with the demand for recruitment positions . Look at recent career opportunities , mention “ Software test engineer ”, Basically, there are requirements for automated testing . for example ：

understand selenium、appium Or other automated testing frameworks

Familiar with at least one object-oriented development language , Have certain code skills is preferred

be familiar with Java perhaps python, Have some test automation experience and code reading ability

Understand interface integration testing , Will use JMeter、Postman、SoapUI And other interface testing tools

wait , The above contents will not be listed one by one . Suddenly automated testing is everywhere , It seems that the automation test ability of test engineers has become standard . This paper starts with the requirements of automatic testing , Simple automated test literacy , Try to let you know about automated testing in one minute .

So let's go from “ automated testing ” Five words to analyze .

test ： This is familiar to us . The most classic explanation “ Program testing is a process performed to find errors .” This is from G.J.Myers Classics 《 The art of software testing 》 The definition of , It shows us the essence of testing ： The process .

Testing is to find software errors , And the process of execution , This process can be the following ：

Run the software under test , Perform the functions of the software

Run other tools , To check the inside and outside of the software

To make a long story short , It's a process , The process of execution . Next is a diagram of the most common tests ：

Is to go through all the functions of the software , The test engineer through the mouse 、 keyboard 、 Microphone 、 Mobile screen touch, etc , Put all the functions of the software , All traversed , What is this called ？ Familiar with children's shoes tested, understand , This is legendary “ Manual visual inspection ” ah , This is a “ Human flesh test ”.

Let's draw this picture well , It's actually like this .

automation

Come here , Combined with the above statement , Automated testing is to let the tested software run by itself , Perform the functions of the software ; Or let other tools run by themselves , To check the inside and outside of the software .

Since testing is a process , So automated testing , Is the process of automatic execution .

Next, we discuss a core problem ： Automatically . What is automatic ？ Let the machine move itself , It's automatic . Let the machine follow human requirements , Go through all the functions of the software , This is automation .. Would that make it clearer ？

The key is coming. , machine . Let the machine move , This is not “ Eat chicken ” Oh , It's human beings who command machines to operate . I wonder if the children's shoes have thought about , How do machines know what humans want ？ The above example , The test supervisor just tells the test engineer , Command communication is complete . But human direct communication , It's much easier than man-machine communication .

First , The machine doesn't understand “ People words ”, Regardless of Chinese , english ……

secondly , The machine will by default “ assembly language ”, It should be that most children's shoes don't , And you can't master it in the short term .

ok , use “ programing language ”. It's time to take out another picture of us ：

Machines learn a programming language , It's so easy and simple that it's heinous ： Install it , The machine learned . Fortunately, it is not particularly difficult for humans to learn programming languages . It seems that this is feasible .

With programming language , There will be a bridge for man-machine communication , The rest , It's helping machines choose tools . Do the corresponding test , You need to find the corresponding tool , In this way, automation will be automatic . Can get here , I hope you know the basic “ Automatically ” principle .

Again , Draw a good diagram of the automated test ：

Then we introduce various common tools , Let's move on to automated testing . Before further discussion , Let's first look at the common categories of testing . Here, under different classification dimensions , We can divide it into different tests , Here, let's carefully analyze .

From the practical process of software testing ： unit testing 、 Integration testing 、 Confirmation test 、 The system test 、 The acceptance test ……

From the perspective of software testing methods and Strategies ： White box testing 、 Black box testing 、 Grey box testing ……

From the perspective of software testing ： A functional test 、 Performance testing 、 Compatibility test 、 Security testing 、 Exploratory testing ……

From the technical level of software testing ： Manual testing 、 automated testing 、 Test Development ……

Classification under these dimensions , Only part of the test can pass “ Human flesh test ” Of “ Manual visual inspection ” complete , The rest is actually in a broad sense , All need machines to complete . Let's extract this part of the test ： The system test - Black box testing - A functional test - Manual testing . There is no denying that , This line is the key coverage of current software testing practitioners , Beyond this range , This is where automated testing comes in .

automated testing

Next, let's discuss the mainstream automated testing schemes , Without exception , There are programming languages for man-machine communication , Together with the tools operated by the machine .

Function automation test

VBScript + QTP(HP UFT), Commercial function automation test scheme

Python/PHP/Java/C#/JavaScprit/Ruby + Selenium/Appium + Unit test framework , Open source function automation test scheme

Here we introduce more ,Selenium/Appium It's not a testing tool in itself , It's just a tool that the machine uses to operate the browser , And this tool can understand many languages ：

Java,C# These two heavy (zhòng) Language

Python,Ruby These two scripting languages

PHP,JavaScript These two specialize in Web Language

Tools plus the specified language , You can let the machine operate the browser , But the test cannot be done at this time , So we need each language's own unit test framework , To complete the construction of this function automation test scheme .

Besides , The industry also has a temporary solution , Namely Python 2 + Robot Framework + Selenium Library plug-in unit + Unit test framework Constitute a test scheme , The author doesn't recommend this scheme very much , Mainly based on two points ：

idea ： This is a keyword based scheme , So the keyword is QTP（HP UFT） Specialty , Not at all Selenium The original intention of

technology ：Python 2 After all, it will withdraw from the stage of history , If you do automated testing from scratch , Or start directly Python 3 Well , However Robot Framework I won't support it Python 3……

Python/Java/C#/JavaScprit/Ruby + Gauge, Another open source function automation test scheme

Thoughtworks Based on the BDD Concept of automated testing tools

Gauge Itself is a complete test plan

Gauge From the demand analyst （BA） To test engineer （QA） All covered test plans

Java/Python + Macaca, Alibaba's function automation test scheme , The disadvantage is that there are few documents

JavaScript + TestCafe,DevExpress Open source function automation test scheme

pure node.js - TestCafe Don't use Selenium, And you don't need a plug-in to run tests in an actual browser . It is based on node.js At the top of the , Therefore, it integrates with modern development tools and works well

No additional setup or configuration is required - TestCafe Is to run the test immediately after all settings npm install

Complete testing tools - Use a single start command ,TestCafe Launch the browser , Run the test , Generate reports and collect results

JavaScript + Postman, Free of charge Web Interface function automation test scheme

Groovy + SoapUI, Open source Web Interface function automation test scheme

Performance automated testing

Java/C + HP LoadRunner, Commercial version performance test plan

Java + JMeter, Open source performance test scheme

Python + locust, Open source performance test scheme

here , Let's borrow a picture of someone else ,Martin Fowler, One of the founders of agile development methods , He borrowed the concept of pyramid to show the level of testing .

in fact , Automated testing covers everything from UI （ A functional test ） To contract （ The interface test ） And the underlying code methods （ unit testing ） The whole process , To master automated testing well , So it really needs experience in the following three fields ：

programing language , Object oriented programming is preferred , Because of a large number of open source technology solutions , Are based on object-oriented programming

Third party testing tools and testing frameworks , These are mainly learned through the documents on the official website

Test concept and design , Tools and language , Just a means of testing , How to prepare test data , How to set test checkpoints and test steps , These determine the success or failure of the test

In addition, comprehensive Front end and server back end technology , It is the guarantee of test execution . Come on, children's shoes , Has a minute passed ？ So do you know about automated testing now ？ Please type your thoughts in the comments section 、

Learning resource sharing

Finally, thank everyone who reads my article carefully , Watching the rise and attention of fans all the way , Reciprocity is always necessary , Although it's not very valuable , If you can use it, you can take it

These materials , For those engaged in 【 software test 】 For our friends, it should be the most comprehensive and complete war preparation warehouse , This warehouse also accompanied me through the most difficult journey , I hope it can help you ！ Everything should be done as soon as possible , Especially in the technology industry , We must improve our technical skills . I hope that's helpful …….