Big country "grain" policy | wheat expert Liu Luxiang: China's rations are absolutely safe, and the key to increasing grain potential lies in science and technology

7 month 14 Japan , China's summer grain output data release ：2022 The total output of summer grain in China 14739 Ten thousand tons of , Increase over the previous year 143.4 Ten thousand tons of , Including wheat yield 13576 Ten thousand tons of , increase 128.6 Ten thousand tons of . A bumper harvest was achieved in summer grain production , And realize the total output 、 Yield per unit 、 seeded area “ Three increases ”.

Food security is the ballast of national transportation and people's livelihood , Ensuring national food security is always the top priority of governing the country .2015 Since then , China's grain production has continued 7 In 1.3 Over 500 million kilograms , Against the backdrop of successive high yields , Why should we emphasize food security ？ What is the potential of increasing grain production in China ？ What measures will we take to increase grain output ？ In this , Guangming interviewed the deputy director of the Institute of crop science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 、 Liu Luxiang, chief scientist of the national wheat industry technology system .

Deputy director, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 、

Liu Luxiang, chief scientist of the national wheat industry technology system

kwangmyong ： China's grain production has achieved eighteen consecutive harvests , In this context, why should we propose “ Increase grain ” The goal is ？

Liu Luxiang ： Food security has always been a big country , Every year, the No. 1 central document directly faces the three rural issues , And especially regard food security as the top priority , Because we have 14 A population , The national condition of this population base is one of the most important considerations in our implementation of the grain increase plan .

Although our grain production has been continuous 18 It is on an increasing trend in , But the resources we face are very scarce ： Our water resources 、 Land resources are very limited , With the economic development, it is a rigid trend to reduce the area of cultivated land . therefore , We must rely on the continuous development of science and Technology , Make grain production capacity 、 Improve the quality of grain , It's very important .

kwangmyong ： What challenges are facing China's food security at present ？

Liu Luxiang ： Our country implements “ Rations are absolutely safe , Grain is basically self-sufficient ” The general policy of grain production . In general , China is absolutely safe in terms of rations . Rice in China 、 Wheat varieties have 100% Autonomy , In variety promotion 、 The improvement of unit yield and the increase of total output are leading in the world . In grain , Corn in China 、 The variety autonomy rate of soybean is also very high , Soybeans are 100%, Corn accounted for 90% above . But in this context , We still import a lot of corn 、 soybean . Especially soybeans ,2021 China imported nearly 1 One hundred million tons of , This is the pressure and challenge caused by high demand .

kwangmyong ： What are our targets for increasing production of several types of staple grains ？

Liu Luxiang ： For now , The main grain variety counted by the state is rice 、 Wheat 、 corn 、 Soybeans and potatoes . In terms of rice , The unit yield of rice in China has reached the yield per mu 474 kg , At present, the annual planting reaches 4.5 Million mu , The overall capacity is 2.1 The range of tons . The goal of rice in our initial grain increase plan is 2030 In, the per mu yield of rice can be increased from the current 474 The kilogram increased to 500 kg , Make the total production capacity of rice under the condition of constant area , achieve 2.25 One hundred million tons of .

Wheat is the second largest ration crop in China , Its planting area is stable throughout the year 3.5 Million mu ,2021 Annual unit yield 387 kg . Our goal is 2030 year , The production capacity of wheat per mu has reached 430 kg , The production capacity is now 1.3 Hundred million tons to 1.5 One hundred million tons of .

Our current corn import volume is twenty or thirty million tons , Corn is the largest staple crop in China , Its area has reached 6.4 Million mu , Capacity up to 2.7 One hundred million tons of , We hope to be able to 2030 In the year , Through the empowerment of science and technology, the unit yield of corn can be increased from the current 419 Kilograms can be increased to 500 kg , This increase is still very large , In this way, our production capacity can be in 3 More than 100 million tons .

Soybeans are the largest crop imported by our country , In the past two years, the import volume reached 9000 Ten thousand tons to 1 One hundred million tons of , The proportion of imports accounts for 83%, We hope that through scientific and technological innovation , To 2030 In the year , From now 130 Kilogram per mu , achieve 170 Kilogram per mu , Not enough now 2000 Ten thousand tons can be increased to 2030 Domestic soybeans can exceed 3000 Ten thousand tons of .

Such a plan not only requires our scientific and technological personnel of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to make arduous efforts , And through joint national scientific and technological innovation 、 Technology Promotion 、 The team of scientific and technological services to jointly realize , Make the total grain output of our country , And the grain structure can be continuously improved .

kwangmyong ： The 14th five year plan clearly puts forward , Implement grain storage in the ground , Storing grain in technology , Increase grain production capacity , Ensure basic self-sufficiency in grain , Rations are absolutely . How to understand how to hide grain in technology , What are our main efforts at present ？

Liu Luxiang ： Hiding grain in technology is to give wings to grain increasing technology . Seeds are the key , First of all, there must be good varieties , This requires the seed industry to be independent in science and Technology , The provenance is autonomous and controllable . At present, the contribution rate of our improved varieties is 50% Above , This means that if you catch the seed, you will catch the key , Therefore, to hide grain in technology, we must first break through the key of seeds .

Besides , Our agricultural machinery , Field supporting technology should also improve production efficiency , At the same time of increasing production, we should increase farmers' income , We must promote agriculture through science and Technology 、 Technology enriches farmers , Make our grain output increase , quality improvement , We must rely on some high technology , In particular, biological breeding and other ways to promote the realization of grain increase .

kwangmyong ： With statistics , To 2030 year , Our population will reach 14.5 Billion , need 7 Only 100 million tons of grain production capacity can meet domestic demand . In recent years , Our grain is always produced in 6.5 More than 100 million tons . Less than 10 Years of time , To achieve this goal ？ What are the challenges ？ What measures will be taken ？

Liu Luxiang ： from 2015 Since, our grain production capacity has exceeded 6 One hundred million tons of , To 2021 reach 6.8 One hundred million tons of . So from 2021 Year to 2030 year , We don't get to 10 Years of time , We want to achieve 7 Hundred million tons or 7 More than 100 million tons , According to the present situation , We can achieve it through our efforts .

For this purpose , In particular, we just mentioned a grain increase plan , The goal is higher than this goal 50%. Of course, there are many challenges , First , The number of germplasm resources we have is 52 copies , Ranked second in the world , But the proportion of our identification or utilization is less than 10%, Therefore, we should quickly mine and identify some genes that are useful for breeding or increasing grain yield and quality improvement from our existing Germplasm Resources .

Besides , We should explore efficient breeding techniques for gene assembly , To cultivate good varieties , And it should be accompanied by good laws , Such as disaster prevention and control 、 Mechanical harvesting and other good methods , Realize the integrated application of green yield increasing technology of improved varieties , Finally, ensure that grain production can be steadily improved .

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Song Yajuan Zhang Fan