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In the first year of L2, arbitrum nitro was upgraded to bring more compatible and efficient development experience

2022-06-24 22:11:00 【InfoQ】

Arbitrum As based on Ethereum L2 Expand the solution , Since last year 8 Since its launch at the end of this month ,

With a low-cost and high-speed user experience , While maintaining the security advantage of de trusting , And EVM Fully compatible with , It has quickly won the favor of users and developers

. So far ,Arbitrum Already deployed on the network 350+ Ethereum project and Arbitrum Native DApp, stay TVL ( Total lock up value ) Once as high as nearly 30 Billion dollars , It deserves to be one of the four L2 first .

2022 year 4 month 7 Japan ,Arbitrum Announced the launch of the Ethernet based test network Nitro Develop the network （Devnet）, Developers can build tests based on this network , New upgraded Nitro Greatly improve network throughput while reducing costs . some time ,Arbitrum The team will also be based on Devnet And optimize it several times , Finally, the current Arbitrum One Migrate to Nitro Stack .

Arbitrum Why the iteration version Nitro ？ After upgrading Arbitrum Nitro What aspects of the ecology will the network stand out in ？ Before that , Let's have a look at Arbitrum Why L2 Stand out from the scheme , And on the fast track of development , What challenges will be faced .

Arbitrum The way to attack

Ethereum expense dilemma

The etheric fang Gas Cost is a unit of measurement that measures the cost of a transaction on Ethereum , Mainly determined by the relationship between supply and demand . at present , Ethereum ecology is booming ,DeFi The popularity of the project and the issuance of stable coins and other factors make the adoption rate of Ethereum network increase exponentially , Frequent transactions lead to massive network congestion ,

Gas The cost goes up

. According to the Glassnode Latest data , Spend every day in Ethereum Gas The cost has exceeded 17500 ETH( about 680 Thousands of dollars ), The etheric fang Gas Average price up to 251 Gwei. To take advantage of the Ethereum network , Users will have to pay higher Gas cost ,

The high transaction cost is becoming more and more unbearable for users , Solutions are imperative .

L2 Extension scheme Arbitrum

Arbitrum To solve the high cost of Ethereum L2 One of the scalability solutions . As Rollups series L2 The Internet , It inherits the security of Ethereum main network , At the same time, it improves the transaction throughput and cost , For alleviating the inefficiency of Ethereum network and reducing transaction costs , Is of great significance .

The etheric fang Layer2 In the scheme Rollups Series is the mainstream , There are mainly Zero-knowledge (ZK) Rollup and Optimistic Rollup （OR） Two types of .ZK Use proof of validity , Calculation cost and off chain cost are very high , Special hardware or massive parallelism may be required , It will take some time to mature .OR Proof of fraud , Optimistically assume that all transactions are valid , The batch was not submitted without any initial certification . Compared with ZK,

OR A lower cost , It is also easier to implement

, Compared with L1,

Execute the same transaction Rollup Fragmentation takes up much less space , So as to reduce the cost 、 Meet the growing demand of Ethereum .

Arbitrum And Optimism Very similar , The difference is that it balances security , Using multiple rounds of fraud proof . That is, search by binary , Find the first opcode of the block that caused the disagreement , After finding it , Just execute the opcode on the chain . The advantage is that it only needs to generate a status certificate for a whole batch of transactions , And publish it on the chain . however , because OR Assume that the transaction data is correct , Instead of directly proving , So there is a “ Challenge period ”（challenge period）, During this period, suspicious fraudulent transaction data can be found and the transaction can be recovered , Therefore, there is a one week time window for fraud proof , This also leads to slow final confirmation time , Withdrawal time is too long . That is, the funds span from the Ethereum main network to Arbitrum It only takes about 10 minute , But from Arbitrum It takes about a week for the user to transfer the funds on to the Ethereum main network （ Or more ） Time for . Regarding this ,Arbitrum Introduction AnyTrust chain , To improve processing efficiency .

Besides , With Arbitrum The increase of interactive activities on , The cost is also rising .Rollup The transaction cost is always the continuous improvement of the main network , If on Ethereum Gas Cost increase , that Arbitrum The cost of the transaction will increase accordingly . So ,

Arbitrum Introduction Arbitrum Nitro upgrade , Further reduce costs , Increase throughput .

Arbitrum Nitro upgrade

Arbitrum Nitro yes Arbitrum The iterative version of .

at present ,Arbitrum One Hundreds of projects have been launched 、 Hundreds of thousands of independent user interactions 、 Millions of transactions and billions of dollars in bridging assets , Upgraded Arbitrum Nitro Based on the WASM and Geth Above standard technology , Improved batch and compression systems , So it's faster , Also more compatible with EVM . some time , The project team will be responsible for Nitro Perform several reset optimizations , Then migrate it to Arbitrum Rinkeby Test net , Finally, the current Arbitrum One Migrate to Nitro.

Arbitrum Nitro How to operate

Arbitrum Nitro The core technology is New Prover. It can be WASM on Arbitrum Interactive fraud proof . signify Arbitrum Can be in WASM Up operation , To replace specially designed AVM (Arbitrum Virtual Machine) framework . more importantly ,Nitro This upgrade will Geth The core compiles to Arbitrum in , Purpose built EVM The simulator will be used by the most common Ethereum client Geth replace ,

Provide developers with a more compatible development experience

Last ,Nitro Also used Go Rewrite and simplify ArbOS Components , Provides running L2 Cross chain communication and new and improved compression system required by the chain ,

Reduce the user's use cost to the greatest extent

Arbitrum Nitro And Arbitrum One

from Arbitrum One To Arbitrum Nitro Is a seamless upgrade

.Arbitrum The road map was planned in advance , To ensure that the user experience is not interrupted while introducing upgrades . Currently deployed at Arbitrum One Upper DApps Applications and assets do not require any migration , After the upgrade , The existing DApps Will still be able to run , Existing data and events will still be accessible .

Arbitrum Nitro After the upgrade ,Arbitrum One Will continue to run , And it will only be faster . According to official test data ,Arbitrum Nitro After the upgrade, it is estimated that L2 The execution speed of will increase 20-50 times , Costs will also fall sharply .

Conclusion ： Very forward looking Arbitrum

This time Nitro The upgrade of further improves throughput and reduces transaction costs , about Arbitrum The development of the project has been greatly improved , There is a chance to further attract more developers and users to participate . Besides ,Offchain Labs It also launched a new layer 2 network on Ethereum AnyTrust, At that time, the two will be in parallel , It will be more efficient .

At present, Ethereum charges mainly include ETH2 and L2 There are two solutions for capacity expansion . Recently, TaiFang has made steady progress in film division and other upgrading actions , A lot of people may have “ After the partition of TaiFang L2 Is it worthless ？”“L2 Is it just a short-term transition plan ？” Questions like . stay 2020 year 10 Published in 「 With Rollup The road map of Ethereum 」 in , It has been made clear that L2 It will play a decisive role in the development of Ethereum for a long time , and ETH2 Accelerated process , Will make the Ethernet based L2 More efficient 、 Low cost , Become the main position of encryption activities .

This year is L2 First year ,Arbitrum stay Gas Fees and L2 Great advantages in virtual machine design , Ecological development and prosperity on the chain , The total value reaches 4000 Billion dollars , occupy Rollup The market share is close to 55%,

Its potential has been further verified in practice , The potential of the constantly upgraded network in the future is unlimited .

Reference material ：

Arbitrum Nitro: Sneak Preview

https://medium.com/offchainlabs/arbitrum-nitro-sneak-preview-44550d9054f5

OffchainLabs/nitro

https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro

What would a rollup-centric ethereum roadmap look like?

https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/a-rollup-centric-ethereum-roadmap/4698  

Optimistic Rollups vs ZK Rollups

https://limechain.tech/blog/optimistic-rollups-vs-zk-rollups/

Reference data ：

Defillama