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高级计网笔记(六)
2022-06-23 17:37:00 【巴川笑笑生】
数据链路层 & 局域网
服务
点到相邻节点以帧为单位数据
- 成帧
- 链路存取(访问)控制
- 相邻节点可靠数据传输(例如某些无线网络)
- 流量控制
- 检错 / 纠错
- 全双工 / 半双工
节点连接方式
- 点到点
- 适合广域网
- 联网复杂
- 链路层功能简单
- 多点连接
- 适合局域网
- 联网方便
- 但需要解决MAC问题
多路访问协议MAC
必要性
多点连接网络协调各节点对共享信道使用
MAP
信道划分
- TDMA / FDMA / CDMA
- 综合TDMA & FDMA
随机访问协议RAP
- ALOHA / slotted ALOHA
- CSMA | CSMA/CD | CSMA/CA
轮转协议
令牌
编址
MAC地址
- 格式:48位平面地址,标识网卡
- 分配:IEEE
与IP地址区别
- 层次不同
- MAC为平面地址,标识物理网络下不同站点
- IP层次的,可聚集的,便于计算路由
ARP协议
目的
物理网络内IP到MAC转换
原理
广播查询,单播应答
以太网
IEEE802.3标准,链路和相应物理层
帧结构
前导码头部,目标地址在前
服务特点
- 无连接
- 不可靠
介质可靠性强,不需要
访问控制技术
- CSMA/CD
- 指数后退
WLAN访问控制技术
CSMA/CA
HUB
- 网络层设备,信号整形放大
- 单端口进,所有端口出,在碰撞区域内
- 无冲突隔离
交换机
- SW选择转发
- 自学习:学习MAC与交换机端口捆绑关系
- 流量隔离:选择性转发
- 专用接入:端口直接主机
路由器3层
交换机2层
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