Web3 technology initial experience and related learning materials

One . Preface

As a technology blogger , I often follow some twitter , A social platform like tubing , Learn about the latest technologies . I didn't care before , But this year , The entire information flow related to the blockchain is coming , Meta universe ,Web3,NFT Related new terms followed , I am too busy for a layman . Personally, especially 3 After a month , Almost every time twitter You will see the tweets related to the blockchain , So I have to start learning and understanding blockchain related technologies .

It's a pity that , At present, the blockchain industry is not friendly to Jane China Internet support , Almost all documents are in English , So if you want to be successful in the encryption industry , Then the level of English is very important , It is worth mentioning that , I finally passed last year English Band 3 ( Yes , No wrong number , Namely English Band 3 ) English test for ,, There should be applause here .

At present, the overall technology development of blockchain is very rapid , The industry now urgently needs more Web3 The engineer , This is not just an area of economic interest , It is also a fascinating and creative field .

I will use my current experience and ability to help you understand the blockchain industry , If my summary is wrong , Please correct me .

Two 、 demand

Based on previous experience , We still take the search data as the main reference point , First I pay a Google search trend chart , This is a Web3 Search trend graph for

This is a NFT Search trend chart for the past two years .

You can see , Beyond seas , At present, these fields are quite popular . And a lot of capital is beginning to Web3 Invest in some new start-ups in the field .

3、 ... and . Technology stack and learning materials

I do not want to introduce the underlying technical principles of blockchain at length here , See liaoxuefeng's for relevant technical documents https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1207298049439968 The introduction of this article , I believe you will have a general understanding of blockchain . If I try to sum it up in one sentence , Let me make a superficial analogy ： Blockchain is based on P2P The network cannot be tampered with 、 Distributed databases , The smart contract refers to the stored procedure on the database

Let me introduce some learning materials

2.1 Basic knowledge of

Blockchain is a digital depository for different transactions , Distributed storage in the complete computer system network of the blockchain . Blockchain is a great technology , But they are not easy to understand . To understand what will be built later , You need to take some time to understand it . I also recommend that you learn about blockchain first , This one can be understood .

1. B Go to Peking University, Mr. Xiao Zhen 《 Blockchain technology and Application 》 Public class https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Vt411X7JF

2. youtube Blockchain learning path on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci_AIMCF-HA

2.2 The etheric fang

I know that when it comes to blockchain, everyone will mention bitcoin , But unfortunately , Although bitcoin is currently the industry's most valuable digital currency , It is also the first term that most people hear when they enter the profession , But in fact, the blockchain technology used by bitcoin is relatively backward , Applications based on bitcoin only have a simple transfer function , therefore , At present, the mainstream in the industry is based on Ethereum (Ethereum) Technology and platform for development , The etheric fang （Ethereum） It is a decentralized open-source public blockchain platform with smart contract function , Its official website is https://ethereum.org/ .

Learning materials ：

1.  basic course ： To learn Ethereum, you can refer to Youtube Go to this up The main course , It's more detailed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itUrxH-rksc
1.  Official documents of Ethereum development  https://ethereum.org/zh/developers/docs/
1.  Netease open class is the full version of the latest blockchain tutorial in Silicon Valley  https://open.163.com/newview/movie/free?pid=UFVPHIG9E

2.3 Solidity

A major innovation of Ethereum compared with bitcoin is that it supports smart contracts （Smart Contract）.

Smart contracts , It is a program running on the blockchain . Unlike ordinary programs , The smart contract should ensure that the results run in each node of the blockchain network are exactly the same , In this way, any node can verify the block generated by the mining output node , Is the result of smart contract execution right .

therefore , Ethereum offers a EVM（Ethereum Virtual Machine） Virtual machine to execute the bytecode of smart contract , also , Compared with ordinary procedures , In order to eliminate the uncertainty of program operation , Smart contracts have many limitations , for example , Floating point operations are not supported （ Because floating point numbers have different representations , Different architecture CPU The precision of floating-point calculation is different ）, Random numbers are not supported , It does not support reading input from the outside, etc .

In Ethereum , At present, the mainstream development language of smart contract is

• Solidity
• Vyper
• Yul

But the most commonly used high-level language for writing smart contracts is Solidity, Including my own study Solidity. The grammar of this language is a bit similar JavaScript. However, the idea of writing smart contracts is very different from our traditional development , Smart contracts are based on Ethereum accounts .

At present, the major mainstream IDE It is also integrated. Solidity Development plug-ins for , But I personally recommend beginners to https://remix.ethereum.org/ Write smart contract code on this website , I myself am the same IDE It's developed from above .

Show me a screenshot of the code I'm developing

Because deploying smart contracts requires a certain amount of gas cost , So I am currently writing smart contract applications , Also only Rinkeby Test network release , Not published on the main web .

When paid gas After the cost results are deployed , You can see this block on the Ethereum network .

Here you can see that the block has been packaged successfully .

Learning materials

1. The Chinese version of smart contract translated by Denglian community https://learnblockchain.cn/docs/solidity/, Updated to 0.8.13, By the time of publication , It's quite new .
2. youtube The uncle Solidity, Blockchain, and Smart Contract Course – Beginner to Expert Python Tutorial ( Study Solidity、 Blockchain and smart contract )https://youtu.be/M576WGiDBdQ
3. Solidity example https://solidity-by-example.org/
4. solodity There is a development framework for the development of Truffle, Official documents ：https://trufflesuite.com/

2.4 The etheric fang API

To facilitate the software or application to interact with Ethereum blockchain , Then Ethereum officially provides some interfaces to improve this capability . So the more famous one is

Web3.js

javascript Of web3 Interface implementation

Document address ：https://learnblockchain.cn/docs/web3.js/

web3.py

python Of web3 Interface implementation

Document address ：https://web3py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/

2.5 NFT

NFT The full name is Non Fungible Token, That is, non homogenous tokens , Non homogenous tokens are relative to homogenous tokens , Homogeneous token is our common bitcoin 、 Ethereum can exchange these with each other , Divisible tokens . So the non homogenous token refers to each unique and indivisible token . that NFT It is unique in this world , Many people are talking about NFT When , This homogenized token is often mentioned first , This is not necessary .NFT By uploading a file , Such as art , To the non homogenous token auction market [8], This will create a copy of the document recorded in the digital ledger , As a non homogenous token , You can buy and resell through cryptocurrency . In fact, this is the embodiment of the application of smart contracts to works of art , Later, I will write an article to explain how to make and use NFT.

at present 70% Of NFT The transaction is in https://opensea.io/ opensea On .

because NFT Is similar to Defi This blockchain financial services trading platform , So I'm just introducing technology , Requirements and applications , Will not bring you any investment advice .

2.6 Security

My job is closely related to network security , Blockchain security is also worth mentioning , Because blockchain security incidents occur almost every month , These events have a direct impact on the exchange , Or the assets of retail investors . At present, I feel that the best thing the mainland can do is cosine slow fog technology , Official website https://www.slowmist.com/. There has been a lot of precipitation in technology , You can pay more attention to and refer to the relevant news and articles of this company .

Learning materials

1. https://github.com/slowmist/papers Slow fog technology blockchain Security Research Report
2. https://github.com/slowmist/Knowledge-Base Slow fog security team knowledge base
3. https://github.com/slowmist/Blockchain-dark-forest-selfguard-handbook Cosine 《 Blockchain dark forest self rescue manual 》
4. https://solidity-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/develop/security-considerations.html Smart contract security considerations

2.7 other

Web3 There are also many applications and plug-ins , If I write here, I can't finish it , However, it must be mentioned that a plug-in is called MetaMask Little fox wallet , Is a wallet browser plug-in , It can easily interact and trade with blockchain applications , This plug-in is widely used , Therefore, it is suggested that you download the plug-in .

summary

Personally, I have just studied Web3 Less than 2 Months , So there is still some knowledge that has not been studied clearly , In the follow-up study , I will write down my latest knowledge , For Jane in the Internet Web3 Industry building blocks . Now everyone is right Web3 Maybe I haven't felt anything yet , But in fact, it has been very popular abroad . The whole industry is short of technology and talents , So if there are graduates in this Internet graduation season , Think about Web3 industry .