Rip/ospf protocol notes sorting

RIP ： Routing information protocol

There are three versions RIPV1 RIPV2（ stay IPV4 Use in ）,RIPNG（ stay IPV6 Use in ）

Only route information is transmitted , Can't recognize

RIPV1： It is a classified distance vector routing protocol

RIPV2： It is a classless distance vector routing protocol

The routing information is exchanged by sending data packets ,request（ request ）  response （ Respond to ）（ Carry routing protocol ）;

Packet encapsulation is based on UDP send out , Port number 520（RIPNG   521）, periodic send out , The periodic update time is 30 s （ variable ）,RIPV2 Send route update address 224.0.0.9 （ RIPV1 Use 255.255.255.255）;

RIPV1 Use broadcast to send messages ,RIPV2 Use multicast to send Information

RIPV2 Multicast address used —224.0.0.9, Multicast address switches will also flood , It's running PIPV2 The router of the protocol is put into the multicast

RIP The communication port used is UDP Of 520 port . Source ip And the target ip The ports used are 520 port

cost （metric） Calculation method ： Routing information is forwarded every time it passes through the router ,metric Increase in value 1 , Maximum 15 ,16 Represents unreachable .

metric value （cost value Cost value ）： measurements , Calculation of different routing methods metric The way of value It's different , The smaller the better .

metric--- measurements （ Cisco ） The smaller the value, the better   Direct connection 0    static state 0

Direct connection 0

static state 60

Rip The priority for 100

Synchronization update problem     Use asynchronous update mode （ Stagger the time ）（25.5-30s）

Horizontal segmentation mechanism （ Suitable for all distance vector routing protocols ）

Horizontal segmentation mechanism ： A route received through an interface cannot be forwarded back through this route （ As long as it is a distance vector type, there are ）

Cisco ：update to update timer 30s 、 invalid   Invalid timer  180(6 I haven't received it for times ) Mark route may die , But don't delete 、 hold down Inhibit timer 180    flush Refresh timer 240  flush Refresh 240

Huawei ： Update the timer 30s                Invalid timer 180                                         Garbage collection timer 120

Horizontal segmentation mechanism with toxic reversal （ Suitable for all distance vector routing protocols ） The measure is ：16（ Unreachable ）

Confirm retransmission     Horizontal segmentation is broken

Enable RIP agreement ：

Enable Rip And specify the process ID （ process ID Local significance only ）

Choose the version ：

Network notice ： （network 1.0.0.0 1. Connect the interface on this router IP Address to 1 At the beginning, all interfaces are activated （ Activation means that you can send and receive RIP Related packets ）2. Announce the route corresponding to the activated interface into RIP agreement ）

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 RIP Agreements are summarized manually ： Purpose
Location ： It is deployed on the outgoing interface of detailed routing ( Suggest ： The outgoing interface of the router where the detailed route is located )

Default route generation method ：

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In summary ： Inaccurate aggregation can cause routing black holes , If the default route appears, it may lead to routing loop
  Apparent position meter   Avoid loops ： Manually add a link to the summary router null 0（ Empty interface ） Summary prevention loop
 

 OSPF ： Open shortest path first protocol （ Mutual agreement ）

1. Scope of use of the agreement ：IGP（AS Inside ）
2. Characteristics of protocol algorithm ： Link state routing protocol
3. Whether the protocol passes the netmask ： Pass the netmask （ Classless routing protocols ）
4. Protocol encapsulation ： be based on IP Protocol encapsulation , The agreement number is 89
5. OSPF ： Open shortest path first protocol  （ Confirm retransmission ）   Cross layer encapsulation IP Transmission unreliable retransmission without acknowledgement   Agreement No ：89 ospf

One . OSPF characteristic

1. OSPF It is a link state protocol
2. OSPF The relay will be LSA （ Link status notification 6 Types LSA1 2 3 4 5 7）
3. OSPF Update the way ： Trigger update + 30 Periodic link state refresh in minutes Ospf Trigger update ： Send messages when the network results change , If you don't send messages stably

      4.OSPF Multicast update address ：224.0.0.5 224.0.0.6

      5.OSPF Support regional division

      6.OSPF It is a protocol that consumes router resources

Two . OSPF Area

OSPF Support the division of regions ： 1. Limit LSA The scope of the spread of 2. Reduce LSA The number of OSPF

Regional division ： Based on interfaces （ link ）

OSPF Identification of the area ： 1. Decimal number 2. Be similar to IP Address A.B.C.D

Area classification ：

1、 Backbone area （0 Area ）

2、 Non backbone areas （ Not 0 Area ）（ May or may not exist but must be directly connected to the backbone area ）  

Regional design principles ：

1. OSPF There must be a unique backbone area in the network （area 0）（ A single area may not be area 0 ）
2. If there are non backbone areas , The non backbone area must be directly connected with the backbone area

Sunflower network structure

OSPF Router role ： Backbone router     Non backbone routers

ABR： Area border router （ The router is in the backbone Router And non backbone Router Between ）

ASBR： Autonomous system border router （ Routers are between different routing protocols ）

3、 ... and . OSPF Neighbors and adjacency （OSPF Neighbor state mechanism ）

neighbor （neighbour）             two-way

Adjacency （Adjacency）             full

Four .OSPF cost Value calculation

Cost= 100Mbps/ bandwidth （ expenses ）

5、 ... and .OSPF To configure

Process ID : Process number , Local significance only

Router-id ： Router identifier , Identify the device in OSPF Uniqueness in the network . Be similar to IP Address A.B.C.D( If not, the protocol cannot be enabled )

Router-id Election method ：

 1. Manually assign the highest priority                                                                         

2. All interfaces are returned to the election ring IP The largest address

3. Select all physical interfaces IP The largest address

Enable OSPF agreement ： （ Enable OSPF And set the process number And manually specify router-id）

  Enter an area ：

 Network Announce entry into the area :（ Use anti mask later ）

  Network mask ：32 Binary components , Continuous 1 And continuous 0 form , Successive 1 Corresponding network bit , Successive 0 Corresponding host bit 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

Unmask ：1.1.1.0  0.0.0.255（ Range ·） 32 It's binary , Successive 0 And continuous 1 form ,0 Stands for fixed position ,1 Represents variable bits （ Describe the scope ）

see OSPF Three tables of the agreement ：

see OSPF Neighborhood watch ：

  see OSPF agreement LSDB surface ：LSDB surface （ Link state database ： Store what you and your neighbors have learned LSA）

see OSPF route ：

Restore the true netmask of the interface ：

  Default route generation method :

1. When there are other default methods in this router

1. If there is no other way , Can force
2. 

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