Laravel study notes

One 、router

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

/* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Web Routes |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These | routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which | contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great! | */
//
//Route::get('/', function () {
    
//
// return view('welcome');
//});

Route::resource('task', 'TaskController');
/* Route::post('/', function () {}); Route::put('/', function () {}); Route::delete('/', function () {}); Route::any('/', function () {}); Route::match(['get', 'post'], '/', function () {}); Route::get('/', '[email protected]'); Route::get('user/{id}', function ($id) { return " user ID: " . $id; }); Route::get('page/{id}', function ($id) { return ' page ID: ' . $id; })->where('id', '[0-9]+'); Route::get('page/{name}', function ($name) { return ' Page name : ' . $name; })->where('name', '[A-Za-z]+'); Route::get('page/{id}/{slug}', function ($id, $slug) { return $id . ':' . $slug; })->where(['id' => '[0-9]+', 'slug' => '[A-Za-z]+']); ### section B Route::group([], function () { Route::get('hello', function () { return 'Hello'; }); Route::get('world', function () { return 'World'; }); }); // route - middleware  Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () { Route::get('dashboard', function () { return view('dashboard'); }); Route::get('account', function () { return view('account'); }); }); //  Routing grouping  Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function () { Route::get('dashboard', function () { return view('dashboard'); }); Route::get('account', function () { return view('account'); }); }); //  route - Prefix  Route::prefix('api')->group(function () { Route::get('/', function () { //  Handle  /api  route  })->name('api.index'); Route::get('users', function () { //  Handle  /api/users  route  })->name('api.users'); }); //  route - domain name  Route::domain('admin.blog.test')->group(function () { Route::get('/', function () { //  Handle  http://admin.blog.test  route  }); }); Route::domain('{account}.blog.test')->group(function () { Route::get('/', function ($account) { // }); Route::get('user/{id}', function ($account, $id) { // }); }); Route::get('/', '[email protected]'); //  route - Namespace  Route::namespace('Admin')->group(function() { // App\Http\Controllers\Admin\AdminController Route::get('/admin', '[email protected]'); }); //  Route naming + Path prefix  Route::name('user.')->prefix('user')->group(function () { Route::get('{id?}', function ($id = 1) { //  Handle  /user/{id}  route , The route is named  user.show return route('user.show'); })->name('show'); Route::get('posts', function () { //  Handle  /user/posts  route , The route is named  user.posts })->name('posts'); }); // route - resources  Route::resource('post', 'PostController'); // route - Model  Route::get('task/{task}', function(\App\Task $task){ dd($task); }); // route - The bottom line  Route::fallback(function(){ return ' I'm the one who knows everything '; }); // route - Frequency limit  Route::middleware('throttle:60,1')->group(function(){ Route::get('/usr', function(){ }); }); Route::middleware('throttle:rate_limit, 1')->group(function(){ Route::get('/user', function () { //  stay  User  Set custom in the model  rate_limit  Property value  }); Route::get('/post', function () { //  stay  Post  Set custom in the model  rate_limit  Property value  }); }); // The routing cache  php artisan route:cache # If closures are used in routing, an error will be reported  php artisan route:clear */


//section C  View 
/*
// Laravel  View overview 
return view(' With . Separate view template paths ');
// View return and parameter transfer 
//  Use  view  Auxiliary function 
Route::get('/', function () {
    
    //  This function will be in  resources/views  Directory lookup  home.blade.php  or  home.php  view file ,
    //  Load the contents of the file and parse  PHP  A variable or statement , Then pass it to the response , Finally presented to the user 
    return view('home');
});
return view('home')->with('tasks', Task::all());
return view('home', ['tasks' => Task::all()]);
// View - Global shared variables 
view()->share('siteName', 'Laravel college ');
view()->share('siteUrl', 'https://xueyuanjun.com');
// View - Locally shared variables 
view()->composer('partials.sidebar', function ($view) {
    
    $view->with('posts', Post::recent());
});
// View - Custom data presets 
view()->composer( 'partials.sidebar', \App\Http\ViewComposers\RecentPostsComposer::class );
//  Specify multiple view components through wildcards 
view()->composer('partials.*', function ($view) {
    
    $view->with('posts', Post::recent());
});

Two 、blade

//section D Blade  template engine 
/* // Inject services into the view  @inject('analytics', 'App\Services\Analytics') <div class="finances-display"> {
    { $analytics->getBalance() }} / {
    { $analytics->getBudget() }} </div> */

//section E Resquest  object 
/* //  adopt  $request  Instance to get request data  dd($request->all()); // Get some request data  $request->only(); $request->except(); // Get a single field  $request->input(); $request->segments(); // Determine whether the field is included  $request->has(); */

// section F  controller 
/* // verification  $this->validate($request, [ 'title' => 'bail|required|string|between:2,32', 'url' => 'sometimes|url|max:200', 'picture' => 'nullable|string' ]);  Validation rule ：https://xueyuanjun.com/post/9547.html#toc_17 $this->validate($request, [ 'title' => 'bail|required|string|between:2,32', 'url' => 'sometimes|url|max:200', 'picture' => 'nullable|string' ], [ 'title.required' => ' Title field cannot be empty ', 'title.string' => ' The title field only supports strings ', 'title.between' => ' Title length must be between 2-32 Between ', 'url.url' => 'URL Incorrect format , Please enter a valid URL', 'url.max' => 'URL The length cannot exceed 200', ]); */

//section G DB
/*
// Use  DB  Facade execution  SQL  sentence 
DB::statement('drop table `users`');
$users = DB::select('select * from `users`');

PHP  Of  PDO  Realization 
$name = ' Academician ';
$users = DB::select('select * from `users` where `name` = ?', [$name]);

$name = str_random(10);
$email = str_random(10) . '@163.com';
$password = bcrypt('secret');
$flag = DB::insert('insert into `users` (`name`, `email`, `password`) values (?, ?, ?)', [$name, $email, $password]);

$name = str_random(8);
$id = 8;
$affectedRows = DB::update('update `users` set `name` = ? where id = ?', [$name, $id]);

$id = 8;
$affectedRows = DB::delete('delete from `users` where id = ?', [$id]);

// Use the query builder to add, delete, modify, and query 
$name = ' Academician ';
$users = DB::table('users')->where('name', $name)->get();
$user = DB::table('users')->where('name', $name)->first();
$user = DB::table('users')->select('id', 'name', 'email')->where('name', $name)->first();

$flag = DB::table('users')->insert([
    'name' => str_random(10),
    'email' => str_random(8) . '@163.com',
    'password' => bcrypt('secret')
]);

$userId = DB::table('users')->insertGetId([
    'name' => str_random(10),
    'email' => str_random(8) . '@qq.com',
    'password' => bcrypt('secret')
]);

DB::table('users')->insert([
    ['name' => str_random(10), 'email' => str_random(8) . '@qq.com', 'password' => bcrypt('123')],
    ['name' => str_random(10), 'email' => str_random(8) . '@qq.com', 'password' => bcrypt('456')],
    ['name' => str_random(10), 'email' => str_random(8) . '@qq.com', 'password' => bcrypt('789')],
]);( If inserted out  QueryException  abnormal , Will be interrupted as a whole , Not a single one will be inserted .)

$id = 11;
$affectedRows = DB::table('users')->where('id', '>', $id)->update(['name' => str_random(8)]);
DB::table('posts')->where('id', 100)->increment('views'); // views+1
DB::table('posts')->where('id', 100)->increment('views', 5); // views+5
DB::table('posts')->where('id', 100)->decrement('votes');  // votes-1

$id = 11;
$affectedRows = DB::table('users')->where('id', '>=', $id)->delete();
$affectedRows = DB::table('users')->delete();
$affectedRows = DB::table('users')->truncate();

// Inquiry skills 
$name = ' Academician ';
$email = DB::table('users')->where('name', $name)->value('email'); Get the value of the specified field 
$exists = DB::table('users')->where('name', $name)->exists(); Determine whether a field value has a corresponding record in the database 
$users = DB::table('users')->where('id', '<', 10)->pluck('name', 'id'); With primary key  ID  Value is key , Construct an associative array with a field value as the value 
 A one-time return may exceed  PHP  Memory limit , At this time, with the help of  chunk  Method divides it into multiple chunks and returns in turn ：
$names = [];
DB::table('users')->orderBy('id')->chunk(5, function ($users) use (&$names) {
    
    foreach ($users as $user) {
    
        $names[] = $user->name;
    }
});
$num = DB::table('users')->count();       #  Count  9
$sum = DB::table('users')->sum('id');     #  Sum up  45
$avg = DB::table('users')->avg('id');     #  Average  5
$min = DB::table('users')->min('id');     #  minimum value  1
$max = DB::table('users')->max('id');     #  Maximum  9

// senior  Where  Inquire about  =、>、<、<>
DB::table('posts')->where('views', 0)->get();      #  The equal sign can be omitted here 
DB::table('posts')->where('views', '>', 0)->get();
DB::table('posts')->where('views', '<>', 0)->get();
# where-like
DB::table('posts')->where('title', 'like', 'Laravel college %')->get();
# where-and
DB::table('posts')->where('id', '<', 10)->where('views', '>', 0)->get();
# where-or
DB::table('posts')->where('id', '<', 10)->orWhere('views', '>', 0)->get();
# where-between
DB::table('posts')->whereBetween('views', [10, 100])->get();
DB::table('posts')->whereNotBetween('views', [10, 100])->get();
# where-in
DB::table('posts')->whereIn('user_id', [1, 3, 5, 7, 9])->get();
# where-null
DB::table('users')->whereNull('email_verified_at')->get();
DB::table('users')->whereNotNull('email_verified_at')->get();
# where- date 
DB::table('posts')->whereYear('created_at', '2018')->get();   #  year 
DB::table('posts')->whereMonth('created_at', '11')->get();    #  month 
DB::table('posts')->whereDay('created_at', '28')->get();      #  The day of the month 
DB::table('posts')->whereDate('created_at', '2018-11-28')->get();  #  Specific date 
DB::table('posts')->whereTime('created_at', '14:00')->get();  #  Time 
# where- Field comparison 
DB::table('posts')->whereColumn('updated_at', '>', 'created_at')->get();
# where-json
DB::table('users')
    ->where('options->language', 'en')
    ->get();
select * from `users` where json_unquote(json_extract(`options`, '$."language"')) = en
DB::table('users')
    ->whereJsonContains('options->languages', 'en_US')
    ->get();
select * from `users` where json_contains(`options`, "en_US", '$."languages"')
DB::table('users')
    ->whereJsonContains('options->languages', ['en_US', 'zh_CN'])
    ->get();
# where- Parameter grouping 
DB::table('posts')->where('id', '<=', 10)->orWhere(function ($query) {
    
    $query->where('views', '>', 0)
        ->whereDate('created_at', '<', '2018-11-28')
        ->whereTime('created_at', '<', '14:00');
})->get();
select * from posts where id <= 10 or (views > 0 and created_at < '2018-11-28 14:00');
# where-Exists
DB::table('users')
    ->whereExists(function ($query) {
    
        $query->select(DB::raw(1))
            ->from('posts')
            ->whereRaw('posts.user_id = users.id');
    })
->get();
select * from `users` where exists (select 1 from `posts` where posts.user_id = users.id);
# where- Subquery 
$users = DB::table('users')->whereNotNull('email_verified_at')->select('id');
$posts = DB::table('posts')->whereInSub('user_id', $users)->get();
select * from posts where user_id in (select id from users where email_verified_at is not null);

// Link query 
$posts = DB::table('posts')
    ->leftJoin('users', 'users.id', '=', 'posts.user_id')
    ->select('posts.*', 'users.name', 'users.email')
    ->get();# league of the left-wing writers 
select posts.*, users.name, users.email from posts left join users on users.id = posts.user_id;
$posts = DB::table('posts')
    ->rightJoin('users', 'users.id', '=', 'posts.user_id')
    ->select('posts.*', 'users.name', 'users.email')
    ->get();# Right couplet 
select posts.*, users.name, users.email from posts right join users on users.id = posts.user_id;
$posts = DB::table('posts')
    ->join('users', function ($join) {
    
        $join->on('users.id', '=', 'posts.user_id')
            ->whereNotNull('users.email_verified_at');
    })
    ->select('posts.*', 'users.name', 'users.email')
    ->where('posts.views', '>', 0)
    ->get();# Other connections 
select posts.*, users.name, users.email from posts inner join users on users.id = posts.user_id and users.email_verified_at is not null where posts.views > 0;
$posts_a = DB::table('posts')->where('views', 0);
$posts_b = DB::table('posts')->where('id', '<=', 10)->union($posts_a)->get();( The joint query )
(select * from `posts` where `id` <= 10) union (select * from `posts` where `views` = 0)
// grouping 
$posts = DB::table('posts')
    ->groupBy('user_id')
    ->selectRaw('user_id, sum(views) as total_views')
    ->get();
select user_id, sum(views) as total_views from `posts` group by `user_id`;
// Pagination 
$posts = DB::table('posts')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->where('views', '>', 0)
    ->skip(10)->take(5)
    ->get();
$posts = DB::table('posts')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->where('views', '>', 0)
    ->offset(10)->limit(5)
    ->get();
select * from `posts` where `views` > 0 order by `created_at` desc limit 5 offset 10;
*/

// Eloquent  Model 
/* // Table name  protected $table = 'articles'; // Primary key  protected $primaryKey = 'post_id'; public $incrementing = false; protected $keyType = 'string'; // Time stamp  public $timestamps = false; public const CREATED_AT = 'create_time'; public const UPDATED_AT = 'update_time'; protected $dateFormat = 'U'; // Database connection  protected $connection = 'connection_name'; // Inquire about  $posts = Post::all(); Post::chunk(10, function ($posts) { foreach ($posts as $post) { if ($post->views == 0) { continue; } else { dump($post->title . ':' . $post->views); } } }); foreach (Post::cursor() as $post) { dump($post->title . ':' . $post->content); } // Get the specified query result  $posts = Post::where('views', '>', 0)->select('id', 'title', 'content')->get(); $posts = Post::where('views', '>', 0)->orderBy('id', 'desc')->offset(10)->limit(5)->get(); // Get a single record  $user = User::where('name', ' Academician ')->first(); $user = User::find(1);# The query condition is primary key  ID $user = User::findOrFail(111);# When the return result of a single record is null, it returns  404  Respond to  // Get aggregation results  $num = User::whereNotNull('email_verified_at')->count(); #  Count  $sum = User::whereNotNull('email_verified_at')->sum('id'); #  Sum up  $avg = User::whereNotNull('email_verified_at')->avg('id'); #  Average  $min = User::whereNotNull('email_verified_at')->min('id'); #  minimum value  $max = User::whereNotNull('email_verified_at')->max('id'); #  Maximum  // insert data  $post = new App\Post; $post->title = ' Test article title '; $post->content = ' Test article content '; $post->user_id = 1; $post->save(); // Update data  $post = Post::find(31); $post->title = ' Test article title update '; $post->save(); $user = user::updateOrCreate( ['name' => ' Academician '], ['email' => '[email protected]'] );# If the corresponding record does not exist , Then insert the database , And save （ Don't suggest ） Post::where('views', '>', 0)->update(['views' => 100]);# Batch update  // Delete data  $post = Post::find(31); $post->delete();# For the data table id=31 Of the records deleted  Post::destroy([1,2,3]);# Delete multiple items at once  $user = User::where('name', ' Academician ')->fisrt(); $user->delete();# Delete the first  protected $fillable = [];# Use attributes assigned in batches （ White list ） protected $guarded = ['*'];# Fields that do not use batch assignment （ The blacklist ） // Update the model  $post = Post::findOrFail(11); $post->fill($request->all()); # Batch assignment  $post->save(); // Soft delete  //php artisan make:migration alter_posts_add_deleted_at --table=posts public function up() { Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->softDeletes(); }); } class Post extends Model { use SoftDeletes; protected $guarded = ['user_id']; } $post = Post::findOrFail(32); $post->delete(); if ($post->trashed()) { dump(' The record has been deleted '); } $post = Post::withTrashed()->find(32); $post = Post::onlyTrashed()->where('views', 0)->get(); $post->restore(); //  Restore a single record  Post::onlyTrashed()->where('views', 0)->restore(); //  Recover multiple records  $post->forceDelete();# Physically delete data table records  // Accessors and modifiers  public function getDisplayNameAttribute() { return $this->nickname ? $this->nickname : $this->name; } # visit ：$user->display_name public function setCardNoAttribute($value) { $value = str_replace(' ', '', $value); //  Remove all spaces  $this->attributes['card_no'] = encrypt($value); } # Set up ：$user->card_no = '6222020903001483077'; #  Array rotation json // Global scope and local scope  // Model event listening  retrieved： Trigger after getting the model instance  creating： Triggered before inserting into the database  created： Triggered after inserting into the database  updating： Triggered before updating to the database  updated： Triggered after updating to the database  saving： Triggered before saving to the database （ Insert / Before updating , Both insert and update will trigger ） saved： Triggered after saving to the database （ Insert / After the update , Both insert and update will trigger ） deleting： Triggered before deleting a record from the database  deleted： Triggered after deleting a record from the database  restoring： Triggered before restoring soft delete records  restored： Triggered after recovering soft delete records  //  Static methods listen for model events  app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php public function boot(){ parent::boot(); //  Listen to the model to get events  User::retrieved(function ($user) { Log::info(' Get users from the model [' . $user->id . ']:' . $user->name); }); } // Subscriber listens for model events  php artisan make:event UserDeleting php artisan make:event UserDeleted // app/Events/UserDeleted.php // app/Events/UserDeleting.php public $user; public function __construct(User $user) { $this->user = $user; } //App/User.php protected $dispatchesEvents = [ 'deleting' => UserDeleting::class, 'deleted' => UserDeleted::class ]; // The observer listens to model events  // Connections  */

One 、

# -m  Generate a create——migration, however migration It will automatically add s
php artisan make:model blog -m

Two 、 Batch fill

2.1 Create data table class

# --create : Table name , Create entity tables in the database 
php artisan make:migration create_posts_table --create=posts

2.2 Define table fields , Synchronization mysql

public function up()
{
    
    Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->string('title')->comment(' title ');
        $table->text('content')->comment(' Content ');
        $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned()->default(0);
        $table->integer('views')->unsigned()->default(0)->comment(' Browse the number ');
        $table->index('user_id');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

Create data table

php artisan migrate 

Create the corresponding model class

php artisan make:model Post

Create a model factory for the model class

# --model : Defined postfactory in define With model name 
php artisan make:factory PostFactory --model=Post

Write model class methods ：database/factories/PostFactory.php

<?php

use Faker\Generator as Faker;

$factory->define(\App\Post::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    
    return [
        'title' => $faker->title,
        'content' => $faker->text,
        'user_id' => mt_rand(1, 15),
        'views' => $faker->randomDigit
    ];
});

And then to posts Table create fill class ：

php artisan make:seeder PostsTableSeeder

stay database/seeds The newly generated fill class in the directory PostsTableSeeder in , Call the model factory to fill the data table ：

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class PostsTableSeeder extends Seeder{
    
    /** * Run the database seeds. * * @return void */
    public function run()
    {
    
        factory(\App\Post::class, 30)->create();
    }
}

Run the following Artisan Command fill posts The data table shows ：

php artisan db:seed --class=PostsTableSeeder

Create our first Article Model and its corresponding migration file , We run the following in the project root directory Artisan One step command

php artisan make:model Article -m

Edit the migration file generated by default ：

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateArticlesTable extends Migration
{
    
    /** * Run the migrations. * * @return void */
    public function up()
    {
    
        Schema::create('articles', function (Blueprint $table) {
    
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->string('title');
            $table->text('body');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /** * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */
    public function down()
    {
    
        Schema::dropIfExists('articles');
    }
}

Run the following command to create the corresponding data table ：

php artisan migrate