Final review of scientific and technological literature of Shandong University (Personal Crash Course)

Review of the final exam for reading scientific and technological literature of Shandong University Personal Crash Course

Unit 20 References

Types

in-text references
end references

Citation styles

APA style
MLA style
IEEE style

Unit 19 Acknowledgements

Feature

Polite
Brief
Specific

Unit 18 Conclusion

Feature

restatement of the research question and thesis statement
summary of the main points in the article
discussion of the significance of the reasearch
presentation of the future of the subject

Types

Thesis-oriented conclusion
A.introductory statement
B.Consolidation of the reaserch space
C.Recommendations

Field-oriented conclusion

Unit 17 Discussion

Feature

from the specific to general
the same point view as that in the Introduction section
There are facts as well as opinions or comments in this section

Moves

Reviewing the present study
Consolidating the results
1.Reporting the results
2. Explaning the meaning of the findings and why they are important
3. Relating the results to those of similar studies
4. Providing alternative explanations for the results

Stating limitations and possible future research directions

Unit 16 Results

Feature

Be objective
Be logical
Be concise
Use non-verbal language
Use mixed tenses

Moves

Providing preparatory information
Describing the data in figures and tables
Reporting the results based on the data

Unit 15 Methods

This section includes

1. materials
2. instuments
3. subjects
4. procedures
5. data collection
6. data analysis

Types

1. based on purpose:
   basic research
   applied rasearch
2. besed on methods:
   non-experimental research
   experimental research
3. based on orignality:
   primary research
   secondary research

Unit 14 Introduction

Moves

Establishing a territory：significance generalizations
Reviewing previous related research
Establishing a niche：indication of a gap,research questions
Occupying a niche:purpose,structure,pricipal purpose

Unit 13 Abstract

Five parts

1. background
2. problems
3. methods
4. results
5. conclusion

Types

informative abstracts:summatizes the key information from every major section
indicative abstracts
structured abstracts
graphical abstracts

Unit12 Title and author affiliation

Title is characterized by

1. using more nouns or noun phrases,or gerunds
2. being brief and concise
3. being specific
4. using more compounds

Types

A.Declarative titles:states the main findings or conclusions
B.Descriptive titles
C.Interrogative titles（ In doubt ）
D.Compound titles

Author affiliation

The asterisk is the corresponding author

Unit 11 Standards

Provide requirements,specifications,guidelines,characteristics
Ensure materials,products,posesses and services are safe,reliable and consistent.

Types

Scope:
International standards
Regional standards
National standards
Professional standards
Institutional standards

Content:
Basic standards
Manufacturing standards
Standards of methods

Unit 10 Government publications

Types

1. administrative type
   conference records,judical documents,treaties,resolutions,rules and regulations.
2. scientific type
   policies of science,research reports,popular science materials,technical policy documents

International government publications

UN publications
OECD publications

American government publications（ Not easy to remember ）

GPO publications
GPO monthly catalog
NTIS publications

Unit 9 Product specifications

Feature

Genuine
Scientific
Logical
Pratical

Types

industrial product specifications
agricultural product specifications
finicial product specifications
insurance product specifications
Financial insurance for workers and peasants

Unit 8 Patents

Patent protection -20 year
Filing a patent application ：a request,a description,claims,drawings,summary
above all :claims

Types

Inventions
Utilities models
Designs

Copyright

Usually after the author dies 50-100 year
If co authored So after the death of the last author 70 year
If it's anonymous min( After the first publication 95 year , After the first creation 120 year )

Unit 7 Science news

Types

science news stories
science newsltters
science feature stories
science news commerntaries

Top ten science and technology news in the world It is released in the middle of January every year

Unit 6 Techical reports

Types

content

Research findings report
Technical information report
Technical specific report
Technical evaluation report
Technical proposal report
Operation instructions
Guidance report

Progress

Starting report
Report
Interim report
Final report

Scope

Top secret
confidential
Secret
Limit level
Unpublished
Decrypted

4 series of technical reports in America

AD
PB
NASA
DOE

Unit 5 Graduation papers

Types

bachelor’s degree
master’s degree
the graduation of doctorate

Differences between master and doctoral

The requirements for the doctoral thesis are brand new , Not studied

Differences between a graduation paper and a journal article

1. Purpose
2. length
3. Abstract
4. Method
5. reference
6. details
7. review
8. The number of authors

Unit 4 Conference documents

Types of conference documents

Before the meeting
In the meeting
After the meeting

Types of academic conferences

Conference(formal meeting)
Forum(public meeting involving audience discussion)
Lecture(long talk)
Panel（in front of an audience）
Seminar(give and discuss information on a particular topic)
Symposium（ symposium ）(several specialists deliever short addresses on a topic or on related topics)
Workshop(brief educational program)

Unit 3 Monographs（ monograph ）

Scholarly monographs

1. It has to be phD Or a scientific research institution
2. The book was published by the University Press 、 Printed by academic societies or other academic institutions
3. The bibliography of the book finally lists all the documents in the study

Feature

Academicality
Creativity
Authoritativeness
Comprehensiveness
Systematiceness
Beyond time and space

academic creativity authoritative Comprehensive systematicness Beyond time and space

Difference between academic articles and monographs

1. length
2. structure
3. Content

Unit 2 Journals

Types

original research articles
review articles
perspective,opinion or commerntary articles
book reviews

Journal metrics

1. IF or JIF
2. Eigenfactor（ Characteristic factor ）
3. AIS
4. SJR
5. h-index（ About the author ）
6. SNIP
7. CiteScore
8. Immediacy index（ Index now ）
9. Total Cites
10. Cited Half-Life（ Reference half-life ）
11. JIF

Idetification code

1. DOI
2. IDS number
3. ISSN 8 position ISBN 2017.1.1 front 10 position after 13 position

Citaion Index

SCI
EI
ISTP
A&HCI
SSCI
JCR

Unit 1 Inroduction of scientific literature

1. Regardless of the specific area of science,the subjects of scientific literature include science itself,or the ideas,facts,laws and categories discovered by scientists.
2. According to the form,scientific literature can be roughly classified into:

1. journals
2. monographs（ monograph ）
3. conference documents
4. graduation papers
5. technical reports
6. science news
7. patents
8. product specifications
9. government publications
10. standards

3. According to the processing depth,scientific literature can be classified into:

1. primary literature
2. secondary literature
3. tertiary literature

4. Primary literature includes the original scientific materials published for the first time such as the papers that present novel scientific research,conference documents,patents,technical reports ,and standards .
5. Secondary literature summarizes and synthesizes the primary literature,which includes review articles and books.
6. Tertiary literature might consist of textbooks,encyclopedias（ encyclopedia ）,and similar works intended for broad public consumption.
7. scientific literature presents some liguistic features in terms of style,morphology（ morphology ） and syntax.
8. Stylistic features:

A. formality
B. conciseness
C. directness
D. objectively
E.use of non-verbal language

9. Morphologically,scientific literature is featured by use of technical and scientific jargon（ Professional term ）,nominalization（ Nominal ） and heding（ avoid ）.
10. TSJ can be divided into two categories:general TSJ (can be used in different fields with different meangings)and specific TSJ(the words that are usually restricted to the given fields).The former has a much larger number than the latter.

ps.MOOC： Review of the mid-term test of the science and technology literature of the Shandong University