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Element positioning in selenium is correct, but the operation fails. Six solutions are all finalized

2022-07-23 19:37:00 【Software testing】

selenium The reasons for the correct positioning of the element in but the failure of the operation are as follows 4 Kind of ：

One 、 The page is not loaded well

resolvent ： Add a wait method , Such as ： time.sleep()

Two 、 Page submission needs to wait for the data background

resolvent ： Add a wait method , Such as ： time.sleep()

3、 ... and 、 The browser is not opened in a maximized way , Causes the element to be hidden , Can't locate

resolvent ：
Maximize the web page ：driver.maximize_window()
If the screen scale is fixed , Limited resolution , If there is no way to maximize the web page , Can be executed by JS Method to implement .

browser.execute_script(‘window.scrollBy(200,0)’) # here (200,0) Offset coordinates for web pages ,200 Abscissa ,0 Vertical coordinates
#window.scrollBy() by JS Method #

Four 、 There are multiple in the web page frame frame , The positioned element is not in the current frame in . So although the element clearly seems to be positioned correctly , But clicking doesn't work .

frame Frame function ：frame Object represents a HTML frame ,frame Is a sub window , You can load web pages inside , When the internal sub window is refreshed , Will not affect the external window .

For nested multiple frame The page of , You need to jump layer by layer during operation , Jump to the element frame.

frame The label has frameset、frame、iframe Three ,frameset Like other ordinary labels , It will not affect the positioning of elements ; and frame And iframe The switching method is the same .

frame Next is an independent HTML file ：
Insert picture description here
resolvent ： You can use selenium Medium switch_to.frame() Method to implement frame Jump between .

The specific operation is as follows ：

1. How to frame Switch ？

utilize switch_to.frame() Method to switch .

switch_to.frame(reference)

reference Is the parameter passed in , Used to locate frame, It can be id,name,tag name etc. . Let's say there's the following HTML Code ：

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <title>FrameTest</title>
</head>
<body>
<iframe src="myframe.html" id="frame1" name="myframe"></iframe>
</body>
</html>

You want to switch to the above iframe The way to do this is ：

driver.switch_to.frame(0)  # use frame Of index location , The first is 0
driver.switch_to.frame("frame1")  # use frame Of id To locate 
driver.switch_to.frame("myframe") # use name To locate 
driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("iframe"))  # use iframe Corresponding tag name To locate 
driver.switch_to_frame(driver.find_element_by_xpath("//iframe[contains(@src,'myframe')]"))  # utilize xpath To locate

2. How to Congzi frame Switch back to the main document ？
Switch to child frame After that, you can no longer operate on the main document elements , So switch back to the main document . Method is ：driver.switch_to.default_content()

driver.switch_to.default_content()

3. Multi-storey frame How to switch ？
If there are multiple layers frame Switch layer by layer , For example, the following multiple frame Nested HTML Code ：

<html>
    <iframe id="frame1">
        <iframe id="frame2" / >
    </iframe>
</html>

（1） Switch from the main document to frame 2：

driver.switch_to.frame(‘frame1’) # First switch from the main document to frame1
driver.switch_to.frame(‘frame2’) # Again from frame1 Switch to frame2

（2） from frame2 Cut back to frame1：
from frame2 Retrace frame1, here selenium It provides us with a way to learn from children frame Cut back to the father frame, Instead of cutting back to the main document and then cutting in .

driver.switch_to.parent_frame()  #  If it is already the main document , No effect

With parent_frame() This is equivalent to the method of retreating , We can switch between different frame, Jump around casually .
Sum up , encounter frame Jump problem , Use the following three methods to solve ：

driver.switch_to.frame(reference)
driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
driver.switch_to.default_content()

5、 ... and 、 Element attributes are dynamic attributes , Look at the correct positioning , But as the mouse clicks on different positions , Attribute of element changes .
For example, the contents of the following page class The attribute changes as the element is clicked ：

resolvent ： Change another fixed attribute of the element to locate .
Insert picture description here
6、 ... and 、 Page elements are blocked by other pop-up windows when the page is opened .

resolvent ： Add step of closing pop-up window .

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