Logistics trade related

One 、 type of shipping

5 A common mode of transportation

Transport type	advantage	shortcoming	Suitable for goods
The railway	Large traffic volume , Fast , Lower freight , Little affected by natural factors , Good continuity	The railway cost is high , It covers a wide area , Short haul transportation costs are high	Bulky and bulky 、 Goods requiring long-distance transportation
highway	flexible , Fast turnover , Easy loading and unloading , Strong adaptability to various natural conditions	The traffic volume is small , It consumes a lot of energy , The high cost , Higher freight	Short-range 、 A small quantity of goods
waterway	Large traffic volume , Less investment , The cost is low	Slow speed , Poor flexibility and continuity , It is greatly affected by natural conditions such as channel hydrology and meteorology	Bulk 、 long-range 、 Goods with low time requirements
aviation	Fast , Efficient , It is the fastest modern means of transportation	The traffic volume is small , High energy consumption , High freight , Large equipment investment , Strict technical requirements	urgent need 、 Valuable 、 A small quantity of goods
The Conduit	Low loss , Strong continuity , Stable and safe , Easy to manage , The traffic volume is very large	Large equipment investment , Poor flexibility	Bulk fluid cargo

How to reasonably select the mode of transportation

Reasonable choice of transportation mode is an important issue in logistics activities , It is generally determined from the service level required by the logistics system and the allowable logistics cost , It can be combined in one or more ways . Main considerations ：

（1） Variety of goods

Type and nature of goods 、 shape , It should be stated in the packaging items , Choose the transportation mode suitable for these characteristics , At the same time, the freight bearing capacity of the goods shall be considered

（2） Transportation period

Ensure the time limit for transportation . The order of speed is generally ： aviation > automobile > The railway > A ship , The time at both ends and transit shall be taken into account when calculating the time , Then we can get a more accurate delivery date

（3） transportation cost

The transportation cost depends on the type of goods 、 weight 、 volume 、 The haul distance varies . Consider a variety of costs including transportation , Consider the total cost

（4） Transportation distance

Reference principle ：300km within , By car ;300~500km, By rail ;500km above , By ship …

（5） Transportation batch

Reference principle ：15-20 Under tons , By car ;15-20 Tons or more , By rail ; Hundreds of tons , By ship …

Two 、 Customs supervision mode

trade （ regulatory ） Mode refers to the trading mode of import and export of goods .

Supervision mode and code	meaning	explain
General trade exports （0110）	It refers to the unilateral import or export trade of enterprises with import and export management right in China	The goods traded are the normal trade import and export goods sold unilaterally by the enterprise , And the items consumed in the production process are normally paid and taxed
Consignment sales （1616）	It means that the consignor delivers the goods to the pre agreed consignee , By the consignee in accordance with the conditions agreed in advance or stipulated in the consignment agreement , Sell on behalf of the local market , After deducting the Commission and other expenses of the consignee from the proceeds of the purchase , A transaction in which the balance is paid to the consignor in the manner provided for in the agreement	There is no trade between the two , It's a delegation , The consignee has no title to the goods . A customary practice in international trade
Bonded export （1210）	The goods produced by domestic enterprises are stored in the warehouse of the special customs supervision area or bonded supervision field , You can apply for export tax rebate , After that, it will be delivered to overseas consumers by the warehouse according to the order	It refers to bonded goods preparation import 、 Special area exit , All belong to B2C exit
Cross border e-commerce retail export （9610）	Businesses or platforms are connected to the customs , After overseas personal cross-border online shopping , Merchants or platforms will place electronic orders 、 Payment voucher 、 Electronic waybill, etc. shall be transmitted to the customs and the declaration list shall be submitted , The customs shall check and release them out of the country on the basis of the list , Products are delivered by mail 、 express delivery 、 It is transported out of the country by special line . The customs shall regularly summarize the data of the checked and released list to form an export declaration form , Merchants or platforms can handle foreign exchange settlement based on this 、 Tax refund procedure	The main modes of logistics are ： Postal Parcel 、 International Express Service 、 International special line . Belong to B2C exit
Cross border e-commerce export （9710）	After a domestic enterprise has concluded a transaction with an overseas enterprise through a cross-border e-commerce platform , Export goods directly to overseas enterprises through cross-border logistics , And the mode of transmitting relevant electronic data to the customs .	It belongs to cross-border e-commerce B2B exit
Cross border e-commerce overseas warehouse stock for export （9810）	Domestic enterprises first export goods to overseas warehouses through cross-border logistics , After the transaction is realized through the cross-border e-commerce platform, it is delivered from the overseas warehouse to the overseas buyer , And the mode of transmitting relevant electronic data to the customs	It belongs to cross-border e-commerce B2B exit
……

9610（ From enterprise to individual B2C Pattern ）、9710（ Business to business B2B Pattern ） All refer to the direct delivery of goods by domestic enterprises to overseas purchasers , Usually 9710 Higher volume and value .

3、 ... and 、IRU And TIR

IRU

International Road Transport Union International Road Transport Union（IRU）1948 Founded in Geneva , Is a global road transport industry federation , It aims to promote the sustainable circulation of passengers and goods around the world .

TIR

IRU Launched Agreement on convenient customs clearance for international road transport Transport International Router（TIR）, The purpose is to simplify customs clearance procedures , Improve customs clearance efficiency , Shorten the waiting time for goods to transit , Save logistics costs .

IR It is stipulated that the freight vehicles shall be loaded at the place of departure , Sealed by the customs , And issue customs clearance documents （TIR Prove ）, In this way, before the vehicle arrives at the destination , During transit （ The countries you pass through need to be 《TIR convention 》 States parties ） It can be exempted from unpacking inspection , Direct customs clearance .

TIR Characteristics

1. Safe and reliable

TIR The special containers and goods of the company have been pre examined by the customs , It is sealed by the customs of the departure place and finally transported to the border of the destination , Ensure that the goods are not lost .

2. International guarantee

TIR Applicable to the world , Using a single international guarantee , In this way, there is no need to provide guarantees for the transit of each country .TIR The guarantee covers customs duties and other taxes , A maximum of... May be guaranteed per shipment 10 Thousands of euros . Adequate financial guarantees , It can reassure the customs

3. Easy to implement

TIR Very easy to implement . All laws 、 Rules 、 Function construction and IT The architecture is off the shelf , And can be easily applied to new Contracting States , No high investment is required .TIR Seamless connection with existing customs software system , It can be directly extended to new member states .