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VIM search and replacement and the use of regular expressions
2022-07-25 05:19:00 【weixing100200】
abc Replace with abcdd
abc123342343242xyz
14242abc23424dfsfxyz
~
:%s#\(abc\)#\1dd#g
%s# \(abc\) #\1dd #g
hold abc Replace as a group with 1dd, namely abcdd
hold abc Replace with adminabcdd
adminabcdd123342343242xyz
14242adminabcdd23424dfsfxyz
~
~
:%s#\(abc\)#admin\1dd#g
Put all strings in the text abc.......xyz Replace with xyz......abc
The first way to write it ：
adminabcdd123342343242xyz
14242adminabcdd23424dfsfxyz
~
~
:%s/abc\(.*\)xyz/xyz\1abc/g
The second way ：
adminabcdd123342343242xyz
14242adminabcdd23424dfsfxyz
:%s/\(abc\)\(.*\)\(xyz\)/\3\2\1/g
## Between the first and third lines abc Replace with abcdd
abc123342343242xyz
abc242423
14223abc###1432
14242abc23424dfsfxyz
:1,3s#\(abc\)#\1dd#g
Delete the beginning of the line ## （ Group replacement ）
#location / {
# proxy_pass http://139.198.40.94;
# proxy_redirect off;
# proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
# index index.html index.htm index.php;
# autoindex on;
# }
:%s/^#\(.*\)/\1/g
## Delete the beginning of the line #（# No. substitution is empty ）
#location / {
# proxy_pass http://139.198.40.94;
# proxy_redirect off;
# proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
# index index.html index.htm index.php;
# autoindex on;
# }
:%s/^#/ /g
With # Replace the beginning with empty , That is to delete the beginning #
# autoindex on;
# }
#
#location @handle_redirects {
# set $saved_redirect_location '$upstream_http_location';
# proxy_pass $saved_redirect_location;
#}
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
:%s/\#\(.*\)/\1/g
Replace the beginning of the line with #
#abc123342343242xyz
#abc242423
#14223abc###1432
#
#
#
#
#14242abc23424dfsfxyz
#
#
~
:%s/^/#/g
##UUID The first line is added # Number
UUID=f5954a19-b069-42e4-a6ca-3a1cd06d0735 / UUID
#UUID=f5954a19-b069-42e4-a6ca-3a1cd06d0735 / ext4 defaults 1 1
#UUID=f5954a19-b069-42e4-a6ca-3a1cd06d0735 / ext4 defaults 1 1
#UUID=f5954a19-b069-42e4-a6ca-3a1cd06d0735 / ext4 defaults 1 1
#UUID=f5954a19-b069-42e4-a6ca-3a1cd06d0735 / ext4 defaults 1 1
#UUID=f5954a19-b069-42e4-a6ca-3a1cd06d0735 / ext4 defaults 1 1
~
~
:%s/^UUID/#UUID/g
##UUID Add at the beginning # Number （ Group writing ）
UUID=f5954a19-b069-42e4-a6ca-3a1cd06d0735 / ext4 defaults 1 1
~
:%s/^\(UUID\)/#\1/g
## Group and or
[[email protected] ~]# egrep -v '^#|^$' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | wc -l
84
[[email protected] ~]# grep -v '^\(#\|$\)' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf |wc -l
84
Filter IP Address ：
Simple substitution expressions
:[range]s/from/to/[flags]
range: Search scope , If no range is specified , It acts on but moves forward .:1,10s/from/to/Said in the first 1 To the first 10 That's ok （ Including 1, The first 10 That's ok ） Search and replace ;:10s/from/to/Indicates only in the second row 10 Line search Replacement ;:%s/from/to/Means to search for replacement in all rows ;1,$s/from/to/ditto .
flagsThere are four options ：cconfirm, Ask... Before each replacement ;eerror, Don't show errors ;ggloble, Don't ask , Full line replacement . If notgOptions , Only the first matching string of each line is replaced ;iignore, Ignore case .
These options can be combined , Such as
cgiIndicates case insensitive , Full line replacement , Ask before replacing .
Regular expressions
Metacharacters
Metacharacters
Metacharacters explain . Match any character [abc] Match any one of the characters in the formula brackets , You can use -Indicates the character range . Such as [a-z0-9] Match lowercase letters and numbers[^abc] Matches any character except those in square brackets \d Match Arabic numerals , Equate to [0-9] \D Match any character other than Arabic numerals , Equate to [^0-9] \x Match hexadecimal numbers , Equate to [0-9A-Fa-f] \X Matches any character other than a hexadecimal digit , Equate to [^0-9A-Fa-f] \l matching [a-z] \L matching [^a-z] \u matching [A-Z] \U matching [^A-Z] \w Match word letters , Equate to [0-9A-Za-z_] \W Match any character other than the letter of the word , Equate to [^0-9A-Za-z_] \t matching <TAB>character\s Matching blank character , Equate to [\t] \S Match non white space characters , Equate to [^\t] Some ordinary characters need to be changed
Metacharacters explain \* matching *character. matching .character\/ matching /character\ matching \character\[ matching [character\] matching ]characterA metacharacter representing a quantity
Metacharacters explain * matching 0- Any one \+ matching 1- Any one \? matching 0-1 individual \{n,m} matching n-m individual \{n} matching n individual \{n,} matching n- Any one \{,m} matching 0-m individual A metacharacter representing a position
Metacharacters explain $ Match the end of the line ^ Match the beginning of the line \< Match the beginning of the word \> Match word endings
Replace variable
In the regular form, use
\(and\)Enclosed regular expressions , It can be used later\1、\2And other variables\(and\)The content in .
Example
- Delete the space at the end of the line ：
:%s/\s+$//g - Delete the extra space at the beginning of the line ：
%s/^\s*//perhaps%s/^ *// - Delete empty lines without content ：
%s/^$//perhapsg/^$/d - Delete blank lines with spaces ：
%s/^\s*$//perhapsg/^\s*$/d - Delete with spaces or TAB Blank lines from beginning to end ：
%s/^[ |\t]*$//perhapsg/^[ |\t]*$/d Put all the strings in the text “abc……xyz” Replace with “xyz……abc” It can be written as follows
:%s/abc\(.*\)xyz/xyz\1abc/g :%s/\(abc\)\(.*\)\(xyz\)/\3\2\1/g
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