What is UWB in ultra-high precision positioning system

In the ultra-high precision positioning system UWB What is it?

Many friends may often see in the positioning field UWB Ultra high precision positioning system , I'm curious UWB What is it ？ Today's article is about popularizing science UWB.

UWB That is, ultra wideband , english Ultra Wide Band Abbreviation ,UWB Technology is a wireless carrier communication technology , It doesn't use sinusoidal carriers , Instead, we use nanosecond non sinusoidal narrow pulse to transmit data , So it has a wide spectrum .

The first thing to say is UWB It still belongs to a kind of radio wave , Many articles take UWB Compare Bluetooth 、zigbee etc. , It seems that they are fundamentally different , In fact, they are all exactly the same thing , Are radio wave technologies of different frequency bands . Including everyone in UWB The concept of pulse is often heard in , bluetooth 、RFID It's also a pulse .

What is a pulse ？ A pulse is an electric current 、 Transient change of voltage or some other physical quantity , In the field of radio waves , That is, a signal that changes instantaneously , It is the digital signal in the field of modern electronics . All radio technologies send out signals in the form of pulses , But the carrier wave is different , The common radio technology is sine wave ,UWB Yes no sine wave .

So back to UWB come up , Why the same digital signal pulse ,UWB It can achieve ultra-high precision positioning , Other technologies can't ？ This is it. UWB Different from other wireless technologies . He basically has three advantages ： Large bandwidth 、 High time resolution 、 Strong resistance to multipath effect . The reason for these three advantages lies in ,UWB More frequently , Radio waves are shorter , Broadband is high enough , It can transmit enough data , Spread fast enough , It can tolerate more faults and resist more interference .

In a sense ,UWB More like a laser , Not radio waves . A laser is a high-energy beam , Light emitted almost in parallel after excitation by a particular material , and UWB It can be compared to high-energy almost parallel radio waves .

Since it's radio waves , The characteristics of wave particle duality also exist . The reflection of radio waves 、 Dry shooting 、 Diffraction 、 Diffraction and so on will exist , But because of his high Broadband 、 High energy , bring UWB It can resist the external conventional interference .

therefore UWB The initial application is to replace laser ranging , Later, due to his high Broadband , bring UWB It also has great potential in communication , Until only a few years , People found that it is the final solution for indoor positioning .

UWB One on one , In sight distance , Distance can be measured almost without deviation , In more than one UWB It can almost achieve very accurate positioning effect with the help of . Common location and ranging algorithms are TWR、TDOA、DOA etc. , Can achieve two-dimensional and three-dimensional positioning .

however UWB Nor is it without drawbacks , His biggest drawback is power consumption , If you use UWB, Battery supply and conventional charging devices must be considered .