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关 于 路 由
2022-07-24 01:17:00 【夜晚里的猫】
静态路由:由网络管理员手工配置的路由条目
动态路由:所有路由器运行相同的路由协议,之后,路由器之间彼此沟通,交流计算出未知网段的路由信息。
动态路由的有点:
1.动态路由配置简单
2.动态路由可以基于拓扑结构的变化而自动收敛
动态路由的缺点:
1.由于存在数据包的发送,可能会占用额外的资源——宽带资源,硬件资源
2.可能会出现安全问题
3.因为动态路由是通过单一算法来进行路径计算的,所以,可能会出现选路不佳的情况,甚至可能出现环路。
根据范围(AS——自治系统)对动态路由进行分类
应用在自治系统内部的路由协议——IGP——内部网关协议
应用在自治系统之间的动态路由协议——EGP——外部网关协议
IGP根据算法进行分类
距离矢量型协议(DV)——通过传递路由条目信息来获取未知网段的路由信息——贝尔曼.福特算法(称作“依据传闻的路由协议”)——典型代表“RIP”
链路状态型协议(LS)——通过传递拓扑信息(链路状态信息——LSA),之后获取到整个网络的拓扑结构,在之后根据获取到的图形结构使用SPF(最短路径优先算法)算法将图形结构转换成树形结构,最终计算出无环的路径信息——OSPF,IS-IS
RIP——路由信息协议
算法:贝尔曼.福特算法
开销值:RIP是以跳数作为开销的评判标准。工作半径——15跳,当一条路由开销值到达16跳时,将认定目标网段不可达。
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