June25,2022 PMP Exam clearance manual-6

In order to help the examinees pass the exam smoothly , Caiju was founded by the former Huawei PMO The minister 、 Huawei's gold medal lecturer is the teaching and research team leader , The former Huawei team 、 teacher-training group 、 Past 5A A teaching and research group composed of students , Create a series of customs clearance treasures for everyone , This series refers to PMBOK6、 Question bank 、PMI Authoritative information 、 And all previous 5A Students' experience summary , cover PMBOK a key 、 difficulty 、PMP Key test points .

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Project management risk

Realize risk response ：

◈ It is possible to base the cost and schedule , Or other components of the project management plan . Change requests should be reviewed and processed through the implementation of an overall change control process .

◈ Reference can be made to the lessons learned register 、 Risk register and risk report .

Monitoring risk

◈ Monitoring risk should focus on technical performance analysis and reserve analysis , When Agile Projects evaluate the rationality of the remaining reserves , Burnout chart can be used .

◈ The project manager is responsible for ensuring that risk audits are conducted at the frequency specified in the project risk management plan , Evaluate the effectiveness of the risk management process .

◈ Regular risk review meetings shall be arranged for risk monitoring , Check and record the effectiveness of risk response , Including the identification of new risks 、 Assess current risks 、 Close the risk of obsolescence 、 Sum up experience and lessons, etc .

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Project procurement management

Planning and purchasing management ：

◈ Planning procurement management is to record project procurement decisions 、 Define the purchasing method 、 The process of identifying potential sellers , This includes identifying which requirements are best implemented externally , And decide what to purchase 、 How to purchase 、 How much to buy , And when to purchase .

◈ Organizational process assets should be considered when planning procurement , Such as a properly approved vendor list 、 Formal procurement policies and procurement agencies 、 Various types of contract agreements .

◈ A lump sum contract is more advantageous to the buyer , For a given product 、 A total price is set for the purchase of services or achievements . Such contracts should be based on clearly defined requirements , Without significant scope changes , Include :

◈ Fixed price contract (FFP), Is the most commonly used contract , It is applicable to the case that the buyer has a clear definition of the products and services to be purchased , The Seller shall be responsible for all risks during the performance of the contract . The price of the contract is fixed at the beginning , Usually no change is allowed ( Unless the scope of work changes ).

◈ Total price plus economic price adjustment contract (FPEPA), The seller's performance period will span many years , Or the price will be paid in different currencies . The contract contains certain special clauses , Allow to vary according to conditions , Like inflation 、 The cost of certain special goods increases or decreases , Make final adjustment to the contract price in a predetermined way .

◈ Total price plus incentive fee contract (FPIF), There is a price cap , But some performance deviation is allowed , And give relevant financial incentives to achieve the set goals , The final contract amount shall be determined according to the seller's performance after the completion of all work .

◈ The cost compensation contract is more advantageous to the seller , The buyer shall pay to the seller all legal costs incurred in completing the work , Plus a fee as the seller's profit . The scope of the contract applicable to the work is not clear , Major changes are expected to occur during the execution of the contract . According to the calculation method of paying the seller and profit , Include :

◈ Cost plus fixed fee contract (CPFF), The seller's profit is a fixed fee , Calculated as a percentage of the initial estimated cost of the project , It does not change with the actual performance of the seller .

◈ Cost plus incentive fee contract (CPIF), The seller's profit is the remuneration agreed in advance , If the final actual cost is lower or higher than the original estimated cost , Then the buyer and the Seller shall share the saved part or the overspent part according to the cost sharing ratio agreed in advance .

◈ Cost plus incentive fee contract (CPAF), The seller's profit is determined by the buyer's subjective judgment , Only if the seller meets some general requirements specified in the contract 、 Subjective performance criteria can only be obtained , And the seller usually has no right to appeal .

◈ Labor and material contract is also called time and material contract (T&M), It is a hybrid contract with the characteristics of cost compensation contract and total price contract , Give consideration to buying 、 The interests of both parties , It is applicable to the expansion of personnel when an accurate work instruction cannot be prepared quickly 、 Hire experts or seek external support , It is often used for urgent or short time 、 Small amount items .

◈ During the self-made and outsourcing analysis, it is necessary to determine whether the project organization has the corresponding ability , Whether it is affected by budget or schedule constraints and the appropriate type of contract , So as to decide to complete by itself or external procurement .

Implement procurement

◈ Prepare purchasing documents before purchasing , Including bidding documents 、 Purchase statement of work 、 Independent cost estimation, supplier selection criteria, etc .

◈ The bidders' meeting is also called the contractors' meeting 、 Supplier meeting or pre bid meeting . The purpose of the meeting is to ensure that all potential sellers are satisfied with the purchase ( Including technical requirements and contract requirements ) Both clearly and unanimously understood , Guarantee that no bidder will receive special preferential treatment .

◈ The selected seller shall be the most competitive bidder , Before awarding the contract , The selected seller shall be submitted to the senior management of the organization for approval .

Control purchasing

◈ Controlling purchase is to manage the purchase relationship 、 Monitor contract performance 、 The process of taking necessary changes and corrective measures and closing the contract , To ensure that the buyer and the seller fulfill the legal agreement , Meet the needs of the project .

◈ Management activities include collecting performance data 、 Perfect the plan 、 Regular reports 、 Supervise the procurement environment and make payment to the seller .

◈ Financial management includes monitoring payments 、 Respond to progress payment and adjust payment details according to change control clauses .

◈ Approved change requests may include amendments to the terms and conditions of the contract , It shall be through the contract change control system , Formally recorded in writing , And implement after obtaining formal approval .

◈ buy 、 If the seller and the seller cannot reach an agreement on the compensation for the change , Or disagree on whether the change has occurred , Then the requested change will become a controversial change or a potential constructive change .

◈ The preferred way to settle claims and disputes is negotiation , An alternative dispute resolution procedure under the contract may then be used , If it cannot be finally resolved, it can take the form of litigation .

◈ In the process of controlling procurement , Common performance reviews 、 Trend analysis 、 Earned value analysis 、 Inspect and audit the seller's compliance with the contract .

◈ After the purchase is completed , Need to update organizational process assets , Include payment plans and requests 、 Seller performance evaluation document 、 List of pre qualified sellers 、 Experience and lessons knowledge base and procurement archives, etc .