"Popular science leaders say" intelligent bionic robot fish

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5 month 30 Japan , By wisdom AI Support , Beijing Science and Technology Commission 、 A series of columns supported by the special fund for science popularization of Zhongguancun administrative committee “ Popular science boss said ” The second period is AI TIME Opening , Professor xieguangming from the school of engineering, Peking University was invited to this lecture .

  Research background I   

Mankind has entered the era of information technology The political impact of information technology on human society 、 military 、 economic 、 Culture and even the work of ordinary people 、 The impact of lifestyle is growing .

The development of information technology can be further subdivided , First widely used analog signal technology , The iconic products are television sets and video recorders , Then came the first wave of digital signal technology , The iconic product is the personal computer , Then came the second wave of digital signals , The iconic products are the Internet and mobile digital consumption .

Get into 21 After the century , The new wave of technology is robotics . The so-called future , Human beings have entered the era of robots . Bill Gates also predicted , Robots have brought about no less changes in human society than computers did in the past 30 Influence over the years .“ Machine replacement ” It has become a quiet social change .

  Research background II   

Since the 18th CPC national congress ,“ Building a maritime power ” Become a major national strategic demand , It is an important part of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation . Marine robot is the key and core equipment to realize the dream of becoming a marine power .

The underwater working environment is harsh and complex , Developing the cooperative technology of underwater vehicles can be an effective solution , It has important scientific significance and broad application prospects .

Bionic underwater robot

The United States MIT stay 1994 The world's first tuna like submersible was developed in .

Nowadays, all kinds of underwater creatures have become bionic objects , Various bionic underwater robot principle prototypes emerge in endlessly .

Bionic robotic fish

●  Bionic robotic fish , Refer to the propulsion mechanism of fish swimming , Using machinery 、 Electronic components or intelligent materials are used to realize underwater propulsion .

●  high efficiency 、 High mobility 、 High invisibility 、 Low noise 、 High adaptability

  challenges   

●  Interdisciplinary issues ： The swimming mode of fish includes biological and hydrodynamic mechanisms , bionics , The new material , control , Micro technology , Group behavior, etc ...

●  Theoretical and methodological issues ： Such as unsteady fluid mechanics , material science , Dynamic grid technology , Water tunnel experiment ...

●  Fish like robot technology —— Mechanism modeling and simulation , High efficiency drive , Intelligent control and decision making , Group behavior control

  Design and control of a typical fish like underwater propulsion system   

We found that the swing of the fish tail can give a backward thrust , At the same time, water can also give the fish a forward reaction force , This is the basic principle of the fish in the water . People also imitate this principle and implement it in machinery .

This is part of the bionic underwater robot prototype of Peking University , It has been successfully launched and tested by scientific researchers in the north and south poles .

  Bionic motion research   

Take the boxfish as the bionic object

●  The shape has self stability

●  The available space inside is large

●  High mobility

We have realized many bionic movement behaviors of the robot puffer fish , Such as backward travel 、 Tumbling movement 、 Back somersault and vertical rotation, etc .

  Bionic perception research   

The lateral line is a unique organ for fish to feel the information of water flow , Generally distributed on both sides of the body and face .

Siding plays an important role in fish behavior ：

●  Flow behavior

●  Obstacle avoidance behavior

●  Prey location

●  Schools of fish form

●  Capture energy from vortex street

Sense the state of the robot fish itself ：

The robot fish swims freely , Bionic side line can estimate the speed of robotic fish .

While the fish are swimming in the water , The side line will record the changing data . Through data collection , We can find out the speed of the fish in the water . after , We can even estimate the trajectory of fish swimming in the water .

Sense the state of neighbor robot fish

The source of excitation for side line research is often constant flow 、 Dipole oscillator or Karman vortex street . But in the behavior of fish school or multi robot fish formation , The vortex streets around individuals are mostly anti Carmen vortex streets . When the source of oscillation is an anti Karman vortex street , The side line perceives the neighbor's state .

Vortex street display experiment to determine whether tail fin swing produces stable anti Karman vortex street , Vortex width, effective distance and other parameters .

  Bionic communication research   

Bioelectric field communication ： In nature, there is a kind of fish that can exchange information by transmitting and receiving weak electric field signals .

Inspired by this , The bionic electric field communication system is designed , A new underwater communication mode is realized .

Bionics at the individual level

●  Athletic ability

●  Perceptual ability

●  Communication capability

However , Reality tells us that it is difficult to solve most problems by individual bionics alone , We have to turn to the study of group bionics —— For example, the robot fish's cluster cooperative formation , The principle is that fish groups cooperate to fight against natural enemies .

Bionics at the group level

Apply the principle of fish cluster cooperation to robotic fish , It is also an important direction of artificial intelligence —— Group intelligence .

These studies , Whether individual bionics or group bionics , Our way of innovation is to learn from nature , Learn from nature , Integrate the laws of nature into engineering equipment , Improved the performance of man-made systems .

  Summary   

●  Human beings have entered the era of robots

●  Bionic underwater robot technology is booming

●  Underwater robot has a broad application prospect

Arrangement ： Lin     be

author ： Xieguangming

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