How to mount NFS shares using autofs

majority Linux File systems are mounted at boot time , And it is still mounted when the system is running . stay fstab The same is true for any remote file system configured in the file . however , Sometimes you may want to mount remote file systems only on demand — for example , Improve performance by reducing network bandwidth usage , Or hide or confuse some directories for security reasons . package autofs Provides this feature . In this paper , I will describe how to start and run the basic autoload configuration .

First , hypothesis NFS The server linux.linuxidc.com Started and running . And suppose this The server Share a named ourfiles Data directory and two for linuxidc and Sarah User directory for .

Some best practices will make things work better : stay The server Use the same user as on any client workstation for users ID It's a good idea , Because they have an account . in addition , Your workstation and server should have the same domain name . Check the relevant configuration files and confirm .

[email protected]:~$ sudo getent passwd linuxidc sarah  [sudo] password for alan:  linuxidc:x:1020:1020:linuxidc,,,:/home/linuxidc:/bin/bash  sarah:x:1021:1021:Sarah,,,:/home/sarah:/bin/bash

 [email protected]:~$ sudo getent hosts  127.0.0.1      localhost  127.0.1.1      linuxidc.linuxidc.com linuxidc  10.10.1.5      linux.linuxidc.com tree

As you can see , Client workstations and NFS Servers are configured in the host file . I assume that a basic home or even small office network may lack appropriate internal domain name services ( namely .,DNS).

Installation package

You only need to install two packages :NFS Common use of client functions NFS package , And provide automount Functional autofs package .

[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get install nfs-common autofs

You can verify autofs The file has been placed in etc Catalog :

[email protected]:~$ cd /etc; ll auto*  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12596 Nov 19  2015 autofs.conf  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  857 Mar 10  2017 auto.master  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  708 Jul  6  2017 auto.misc  -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1039 Nov 19  2015 auto.net*  -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  2191 Nov 19  2015 auto.smb*  [email protected]:/etc$

To configure autofs

Now you need to edit several of these files , And add files auto.home. First , To file auto.master Add the following two lines :

/mnt/tree  /etc/auto.misc  /home/tree  /etc/auto.home

Every line is marked with NFS share At the beginning of the directory . Continue to create these directories :

[email protected]:/etc$ sudo mkdir /mnt/tree /home/tree

The second step , stay auto.misc Add the following lines to the file :

ourfiles        -fstype=nfs    tree:/share/ourfiles

This line indicates autofs stay auto Mount at the matching location in ourfiles share . be used for auto.misc Main file of . As shown above , These files can be found in the directory /mnt/ Trees /ourfiles Find .

Third , Create files automatically . Home and the following line :

*              -fstype=nfs    tree:/home/&

This line indicates autofs stay auto Mount user share at the matching location in . Automatically .home Main file of . In this case ,linuxidc and Sarah The files will be in the directory /home/tree/linuxidc or /home/tree/sarah Available in the . asterisk ( Called wildcards ) Make it possible for each user's share to be automatically mounted when logging in .& and It is also used as a wildcard to represent the user's directory on the server . Their home directories should be mapped to passwd In file . If you like the local home directory , You don't have to do this ; contrary , Users can use it as a simple remote storage for specific files .

Last , Restart autofs Daemon , Enable it to recognize and load these configuration file changes .

[email protected]:/etc$ sudo service autofs restart

test autofs

If you change to one of the directories listed in the file , Automatically . Master and run ls command , You won't see anything immediately . for example , Put the table of contents (cd) Change to /mnt/tree. First ,ls The output of does not show anything , But it's running cd ourfiles after ,ourfiles The shared directory will be automatically mounted .cd The command will also be executed , You will be placed in the newly mounted directory .

[email protected]:~$ cd /mnt/tree  [email protected]:/mnt/tree$ ls  [email protected]:/mnt/tree$ cd ourfiles  [email protected]:/mnt/tree/ourfiles$

To further confirm that it is working ,mount The command will display the details of mounting the share .

[email protected]:~$ mount  tree:/mnt/share/ourfiles on /mnt/tree/ourfiles type nfs4 (rw,relatime,vers=4.0,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.10.1.22,local_lock=none,addr=10.10.1.5)

about linuxidc and Sarah Come on ,/home/tree Directories work in the same way .

I find it useful to bookmark these directories in my file manager , In order to access .