Oracle - getting started

Silent installation

Environmental Science ：

        Linux ： RedHat 7.6（3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64）

        Oracle:19C Oracle Database 19c Download for Linux x86-64（ Using stand-alone , download rpm Bag can ）

Installation steps ：

Not intended to learn oracle Best practices for installation and configuration , So refer to the great God's blog , Fast installation oracle19C redhat install OracleDataBase-19c

notes ：

（1）oracle You need an account number , The computer can't be turned on , Send it to your cell phone , Register quickly , You can download

After installation , Background process view

（2） uninstall oracle

        uninstall rpm package rpm -e oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64

        Delete oralce Configuration directory rm -rf /opt/oracle/*

Architecture and concepts

oracle 19C Created by default during installation CBD, By default PDB

Architecture

database ：19C（12C Small version of ） Provides CBD And PDB The concept of , installed 19C after , The default value creates a CBD, In previous versions, an instance corresponds to a database ,19C Later, it supports cloud , Support PDB, An example is implemented , Multiple databases .

example ： One installation creates multiple processes , The implementation is similar to installing multiple times

Data files .dbf： The physical storage unit of data , File to store data ,

Table space ： Used to manage data files , Is the logical name of one or more data files , A data file can only belong to one tablespace , It is equivalent to dividing the entire database into many areas , Divided into segments > District > Data blocks > Disk block

user ： Users create tables , After logging in, you can only see the user's table , A table space can correspond to multiple table spaces

Configure remote connection

Connect to CBD

sqlplus Log in to the server's local database

sqlplus / as sysdba

See which users

select username from dba_users;

View the current user

show user;

modify sys User's password

alter user sys identified by 'hsf123456#';  

notes ： Cannot start with a number , Must contain alphanumeric and special characters

Navicat To configure

The service name is SID, Connection mode selection Basic, High level image selection as a character SYSDBA, Test connection successful

Just connected oracle Yes, after ,navicat All users are displayed

Connect to PDB

(1)sqlplus Log in and check cbd And pdb

sqlplus / as sysdba The default connection is cbd, Created by default PDB yes ORACLEPDB1

 （2） Get into oraclePDB1, And start up

alter session set container=ORCLPDB1;

startup;

（3） To configure ora

/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora, Add the following orclpdb1 that will do

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCLCDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORCLCDB)
    )
  )

orclpdb1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orclpdb1)
    )
   )

LISTENER_ORCLCDB =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

（4） Test whether you can connect locally

tnsping orclpdb1

 （5） Restart monitoring

lsnrctl stop

lsnrctl start

(6)navicat Connect

Change the service name to ora It's configured inside = The previous service name is sufficient

 

  Case study 1  --  Water company charging system

Connecting to pdb After execution , Equivalent to the sqlplus / as sysdba, then alter To pdb After the operation .

（1） Create tablespace （ That is, create a data file ）  --  Where is the current table saved , Only in SYS perhaps SYSTEM The user can create a table space

CREATE tablespace waterboss
	datafile '/opt/oracle/data/waterboss.dbf'
	size 1500M
	autoextend on
	next 10M maxsize 3000M;

size Is the file size at this time , Will directly create 1.5G The file of , Longer time consuming ,next 10M Every time I grow 10M, The largest increase to 3000M

notes ：drop tablespace DEMOSPACE including contents and datafiles //  Delete tablespace

 （2） Create user   notes ： Need to go to PDB

CREATE USER waterboss IDENTIFIED BY hsf123456# DEFAULT tablespace warterboss;

（3） Create table

The statement for creating a table is standard sql, No more details. , Also use Navicat After the visualization is created , Copy the CREATE TABLE statement .

CREATE TABLE "WATERBOSSFACTORY"."T_OWNERS" 
   (	"ID" NUMBER(5,0) NOT NULL ENABLE, 
	"NAME" VARCHAR2(30) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL ENABLE, 
	"ADDRESSID" NUMBER(20,0) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL ENABLE, 
	"HOUSENUMBER" VARCHAR2(30) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL ENABLE, 
	"WATERMETER" VARCHAR2(30) DEFAULT '', 
	"ADDDATE" DATE NOT NULL ENABLE, 
	"OWNERTYPEID" NUMBER(2,0) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL ENABLE, 
	 PRIMARY KEY ("ID")
  USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 
  TABLESPACE "WATERBOSSFACTORY"  ENABLE
   ) SEGMENT CREATION DEFERRED 
  PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 
 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
  TABLESPACE "WATERBOSSFACTORY"

Basic knowledge learned

oracle data type ：

Character  

        CHAR  Fixed length character types , Maximum storage 2000 Bytes , When the stored data is not long enough , Can use spaces to complement the length ;

        VARCHAR2： Variable length character types , Up to 4000 Bytes , When the length is not enough , It will not be replenished automatically .

        LONG: Big text types , Maximum storable 2G

Numerical type ： The length is in 1-38  Between

        NuMBWER(5,2)  :  5 Is represented by several digits ,2 Represents several decimal places , Maximum 999.99

        NUMBER(5) :  most 5 A decimal number , Maximum 99999

Date type

        DATE: Date time , Accurate to s

        TIMESTAMP： Accurate to the decimal point 9 position

Binary ：

        CLOB: Store characters , most 4 individual G

        BLOB: Store sound 、 Images 、 video , most 2 individual G

basic SQL

CBD、PDB

（1）SELECT name,cdb from v$database;  // View all cbd  rpm Package installation defaults ORCLCDB

（2）select pdb_id,pdb_name,dbid,status,creation_scn from dba_pdbs; //  View all pdb  rpm install , Default ORCLCDB1

（3）show con_name;  //  Displays the current container name   show con_id; View the of the current container id  show pdbs;  //  Displays all of the current container pdb, It only takes effect when the root container

 （3）select sys_context('userenv','con_name'),sys_context('userenv','con_id') from dual; //  View containers and containers for the current session id

（4）select name,con_id,open_mode FROM v$pdbs; // see pdb Start state ,SEED It's the seed PDB, Create others according to the template PDB

 （5） Sign in PDB   ORACLPDB1

alter session set container=ORACLPDB1; //  Switch to PDB

alter session set container=cdb$root  //  Switch to CBD

notes ：

        (1)SID Displayed instance name , Don't change it , Multi tenant instances are shared

        (2) When creating tablespaces and users , Enter the first pdb Later

Table space

select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name; // View all tablespaces  

Get into CDB Create a tablespace

CREATE tablespace waterbossFactory
    datafile '/opt/oracle/data/waterbossFactory.dbf'
    size 150M
    autoextend on
    next 10M maxsize 3000M;

user

Oracle User permissions _ indifferent ; The blog of -CSDN Blog _oracle User permissions

show user; //  Check which user is currently logged in

select username from dba_users;  // View all users

Get into PDB Create users after

CREATE USER waterbossFactory IDENTIFIED BY hsf123456# DEFAULT tablespace waterbossFactory;

View all users ,CBD And PDB User space is different , The query is different . 

select * from tabs; // View all tables

Reference course ：

Oracle 19C Handle installation tutorial II _ Bili, Bili _bilibili

Oracle  Official document https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/lacli/database-client-installation-guide-linux.pdf

Black horse programmer Oracle Database intensive , from 0 To 1 Learn to Oracle database _ Bili, Bili _bilibili