Raspberry pie self built NAS cloud disk -- raspberry pie built network storage disk

Follow these step-by-step instructions to build your own raspberry pie based NAS System .

In the next three articles, I will talk about how to build a simple 、 Economic NAS Cloud disk system . I store data in this centralized storage system , And let it automatically back up incremental data every night . This series of articles will utilize NFS The file system mounts the disk to different devices under the same network , Use Nextcloud To access data offline 、 Share data .

This article mainly describes the software and hardware steps of attaching the data disk to the remote device . The second article in this series will discuss data backup strategies 、 How to add a scheduled backup data task . In the last article, we will install Nextcloud Software , User pass Nextcloud Provided web The interface can easily access data offline or online . This series of tutorials finally builds NAS Cloud disk supports multi-user operation 、 File sharing and other functions , So you can share data easily through it , For example, you can send an encrypted link , Share your photos with friends and so on .

The final system architecture is shown in the figure below ：

Hardware

First, you need to prepare the hardware . The solutions listed in this article are just one example , You can also purchase according to different hardware schemes .

The main thing is raspberry pie 3, It has four cores CPU、1G RAM, as well as （ Compare ） Fast network interface . The data will be stored in two USB On disk drive （ Use here 1TB disk ）; One disk is used for daily data storage , The other is for data backup . Be sure to use active USB Disk drive or with additional power supply USB A hub , Because raspberry pie can't be two USB Disk drive power .

Software

The most active operating system in this community is Raspbian, Easy to customize personalized items . There are already many Operation guide Tell me how to install in raspberry pie Raspbian System , So I won't repeat it here . At the time of writing , The latest officially supported version is Raspbian Stretch, It's easy for me to use .

Here we are , I will assume that you have configured the basic Raspbian The system can also pass ssh Visit your raspberry pie .

Get ready USB disc drive

In order to better read and write data , I suggest using ext4 File system to format disk . First , You must first find the disk connected to the raspberry pie . You can /dev/sd/<x> Disk device found in . Use command fdisk -l, You can find the two pieces just connected USB disc drive . Please note that , The following steps will clear USB All data on the disk drive , Please make a backup .

1. [email protected]:~ $ sudofdisk-l
2. <...>
3. Disk/dev/sda:931.5GiB,1000204886016 bytes,1953525168 sectors
4. Units: sectors of 1*512=512 bytes
5. Sectorsize(logical/physical):512 bytes /512 bytes
6. I/O size(minimum/optimal):512 bytes /512 bytes
7. Disklabel type: dos
8. Disk identifier:0xe8900690
9. DeviceBootStartEndSectorsSizeIdType
10. /dev/sda1 204819535251671953523120931.5G83Linux
11. Disk/dev/sdb:931.5GiB,1000204886016 bytes,1953525168 sectors
12. Units: sectors of 1*512=512 bytes
13. Sectorsize(logical/physical):512 bytes /512 bytes
14. I/O size(minimum/optimal):512 bytes /512 bytes
15. Disklabel type: dos
16. Disk identifier:0x6aa4f598
17. DeviceBootStartEndSectorsSizeIdType
18. /dev/sdb1 *204819535216631953519616931.5G83Linux

Because these devices are the only ones connected to raspberry pie 1TB Of disks , So we can easily identify /dev/sda and /dev/sdb That's the two USB disc drive . The partition table at the end of each disk prompts how to view after performing the following steps , These steps will format the disk and create the partition table . For each USB Follow the steps below to operate the disk drive （ Suppose your disk is also /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, For the second operation, you just need to replace the sda by sdb that will do ）.

First , Delete the disk partition table , Create a new partition table that contains only one partition . stay fdisk in , You can use interactive single letter commands to tell the program what you want to do . Just at the prompt Command(m for help): Then input the corresponding letters （ have access to m Command for more details ）：

1. [email protected]:~ $ sudofdisk/dev/sda
2. Welcome to fdisk(util-linux 2.29.2).
3. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them.
4. Be careful before using the write command.
5. Command(m for help): o
6. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9c310964.
7. Command(m for help): n
8. Partition type
9. p primary (0 primary,0 extended,4 free)
10. e extended (container for logical partitions)
11. Select(default p): p
12. Partition number (1-4,default1):
13. First sector (2048-1953525167,default2048):
14. Last sector,+sectors or+size{K,M,G,T,P}(2048-1953525167,default1953525167):
15. Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux'and of size931.5GiB.
16. Command(m for help): p
17. Disk/dev/sda:931.5GiB,1000204886016 bytes,1953525168 sectors
18. Units: sectors of 1*512=512 bytes
19. Sectorsize(logical/physical):512 bytes /512 bytes
20. I/O size(minimum/optimal):512 bytes /512 bytes
21. Disklabel type: dos
22. Disk identifier:0x9c310964
23. DeviceBootStartEndSectorsSizeIdType
24. /dev/sda1 204819535251671953523120931.5G83Linux
25. Command(m for help):w
26. The partition table has been altered.
27. Syncing disks.

Now? , We will use ext4 The file system formats the newly created partition /dev/sda1：

1. [email protected]:~ $ sudomkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
2. mke2fs1.43.4(31-Jan-2017)
3. Discarding device blocks:done
4. <...>
5. Allocating group tables:done
6. Writing inode tables:done
7. Creating journal (1024 blocks):done
8. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:done

After repeating the above steps , Let's label them according to their use ：

1. [email protected]:~ $ sudo e2label /dev/sda1 data
2. [email protected]:~ $ sudo e2label /dev/sdb1 backup

Now? , Let's install these disks and store some data . Based on my experience of operating the system for more than one year , When raspberry pie starts （ For example, after power failure ）,USB Disk drives are not always mounted , So I suggest using autofs Mount when necessary .

First , install autofs And create a mount point ：

1. [email protected]:~ $ sudo apt install autofs
2. [email protected]:~ $ sudomkdir/nas

Then add the following line to mount the device /etc/auto.master：

1. /nas    /etc/auto.usb

If the following does not exist , Create /etc/auto.usb, And then restart it autofs service ：

1. data -fstype=ext4,rw :/dev/disk/by-label/data
2. backup -fstype=ext4,rw :/dev/disk/by-label/backup
3. [email protected]:~ $ sudo service autofs restart

Now you should be able to visit separately /nas/data as well as /nas/backup The disk is gone . obviously , It won't be too exciting yet , Because you just erase the data in the disk . however , You can execute the following command to confirm whether the device has been successfully mounted ：

1. [email protected]:~ $ cd/nas/data
2. [email protected]:/nas/data $ cd/nas/backup
3. [email protected]:/nas/backup $ mount
4. <...>
5. /etc/auto.usb on /nas type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=6,pgrp=463,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect)
6. <...>
7. /dev/sda1 on /nas/data type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
8. /dev/sdb1 on /nas/backup type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

First enter the corresponding directory to ensure autofs Able to mount devices .autofs It will track the access records of the file system , And mount the required equipment at any time . then mount The command will show these two USB The disk drive has been mounted to the location we want .

Set up autofs The process is error prone , If the first attempt fails , Please don't be depressed . You can search the Internet for tutorials .

Mount network storage

Now you have set up basic network storage , We want to install it to the remote Linux On the machine . Use here NFS file system , First install on raspberry pie NFS The server ：

1. [email protected]:~ $ sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

then , Need to tell NFS The server Open /nas/data Catalog , This is the only device that can be accessed from outside the raspberry pie （ The other is for backup ）. edit /etc/exports Add the following to allow all to access NAS The device of cloud disk is attached to storage ：

1. /nas/data *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)

More details about limiting mount to a single device , see also man exports. After the above configuration , Anyone can access data , As long as they can visit NFS Required port ：111 and 2049. I use the above configuration , Only allow access to my home network through the router firewall 22 and 443 port . such , Only devices on the home network can access NFS The server .

If you want to in Linux Computer mount storage , Run the following command ：

1. [email protected]:~ $ sudomkdir/nas/data
2. [email protected]:~ $ sudomount-t nfs <raspberry-pi-hostname-or-ip>:/nas/data /nas/data

Again , I suggest using autofs To mount the network device . If you need other help , Please see How to use Autofs To mount NFS share .

Now you can use on the remote device NFS System access is located in your raspberry pie NAS The data on the cloud disk . In a later article , I'll show you how to use rsync Automatically back up data to the second USB disc drive . You will learn how to use rsync Create incremental backups , It can save equipment space while doing daily backup .

via: https://opensource.com/article/18/7/network-attached-storage-Raspberry-Pi

author ：Manuel Dewald Topic selection ：lujun9972 translator ：jrg proofreading ：wxy

This paper is written by LCTT Original compilation ,Linux China Honor roll out