Things / phenomena / things / things / situations / appearances

thing

It refers to all objective objects and phenomena
It refers to everything that exists objectively （ The phenomenon ） And objects
thing , It refers to the existing things and objects that are not transferred by human will .

「 thing 」 It is an object related to human consciousness , There may be specific images , It may only exist in cognition ; That is, the general name in the common saying 「 thing 」.「 thing 」 It's a general term , Why Chinese was first used together 「 thing 」 Two names that originally refer to directions , without 「 north and south 」？ A humorous and reasonable explanation is ： Oriental genus 「 wood 」, Western genus 「 gold 」, Both can be applied or mastered ; Southern genus 「 fire 」, The North belongs to 「 water 」, Both can also be used , But do not take it , So use 「 thing 」 Two words , Show a trait that can be attached to people . therefore 「 thing 」 There are many kinds of objects ： Or a single thing , As seen from the outside ; Or a category , That is, the general name of several identical things ; Or for wisdom , It is used to abstract or generalize rather than directly refer to the name ; Or it can be divided into 、 Or inseparable ; The rate depends on the object . All in all , Things refer to objects relative to human psychology , A psychological object that can be perceived and constructed as a whole .
　　 How can man construct the object as a whole , Or in consciousness 「 This is a thing 」 The state of consciousness ？ By Husserl (E. Husserl, 1859~1938) The construction of consciousness explains , Think it is due to the reservation in the stream of consciousness (retain) effect , Can keep different aspects of things , Finally, form it into a whole of conscious objects , Judgment is something . But when a certain aspect of things is not perceived , People will follow the whole thing formed in the previous stream of consciousness , The role of guessing and judging this imperceptible side . For example, when people see that the color of a ball is red （ One side ）, Regarding the ball as a whole of consciousness , The forecast is red . From the perspective of Juguan , The existence of things does not have to be experienced at the moment , To affirm its existence . If a person goes from place a to place b , In retrospect , What has been experienced also appears in consciousness . It is because consciousness constantly acts as the preservation and construction of things , In this way, people can show that although they are unconscious in the present , But there are still things .
　　 In terms of developmental psychology , Young children need to take things as their learning objects , Because they don't have the ability to think abstractly . German educator Froebel (Friedrich Froebel, 1782~1852) That is to emphasize the importance of things in early childhood education activities . Froebel started from a religious point of view , That everything is different , But they are related to each other , And at the mercy of God , because 「 God made all things 」. So there are traces of God in all things , That is, all things have divinity . So the purpose of Education , It is in knowing God through contact with things , Or to master the laws of things by means of special things , Finally, I know God . At the same time, he believes that if people ignore the value of early development , There will be insurmountable difficulties in the later stage of education , Therefore, special attention should be paid to early childhood education . But young children are mentally restricted , So it can only be taught by playing . Things that need to be played while playing , And things themselves have divinity , Therefore, Froebel believes that the purpose of play is to guide children to manifest their inner divinity through things . So he paid special attention to the game , And called 「 Grace 」(gifts)（ A gift from God ）. The ball is the most important of these things , Because the round ball , No horns 、 Plane , And show a harmonious whole , Just like the harmony of things in the universe , Is subject to the Creator . So in the ball , It can make children feel the divinity most . The second is the square 、 The diamond 、 Three dimensional figure , It is the best example of what is different from what is the same . In addition, contact with natural things or animals , It also has the same educational function .

things

The act of will is to do things . In the human world , There is no such thing as 、 It exists only because of the existence of human beings 、 All that can be described by the concept of time is things . People's description of things deepens people's understanding of things .
Things are descriptions of will . The world has no will , There is nothing in the world , Nature has no will , Of course nothing happens , When a man has the will, he will get things done . Things come into being with people , There is no one in the world , There will be no trouble , People have no will , There is no reason , People call everything related to people's behavior things , Things exist because people exist , Only in human society , All things are inseparable from human factors . There is no matter how big or small it is , The situation of all matters of great or small importance varies according to one's own ideology .

Human behavior and all natural phenomena 、 Activities , All called 「 things 」
Phenomena and activities in nature and society

Generally refers to social and natural things , Business , The phenomenon , Situation, etc . In Philosophy , The definition of things ： In terms of connotation ： Matter is the change of the spatial distribution of mass at any time . Because matter is the spatial distribution of mass , So things can also be defined as ： The change of matter with time . In terms of extension ： Events include all events that occur in the universe . Matter is the general name of all spiritual events . Everything in the universe must go through time , So it's all spiritual . The extension of this concept includes not only human affairs , It also includes animal affairs 、 Plant matters 、 Bacteriological affairs 、 Viruses, and so on , It also includes all non living things .

matter

Everything that exists is for things . In the natural environment , Everything that does not exist because of the existence of human beings can be described by the concept of space . The existence of things is the basis of all existence and existence, including human beings .
Thing is the existence of knowledge . Changes in the universe , From the existence of things , There is no effect of matter , There is no change , There is no thing , There is no "yes" or "no" , A world without objects , Nor can it be summed up as nothing , There is no source without things . The phenomenon of the change of things makes people realize the essence of the existence of things , The essence of things makes people have a further description of things . There is no good or bad thing in existence , The existence of things is relative to the change of things , The existence of knowledge in the phenomenon of change is called thing , It is the change of things that deepens people's understanding of things . The description of events promotes people's perception of the concept of time , The change of things promotes people's perception of the concept of space , The changing thing embodies the various characteristics of the thing itself , According to the various characteristics of things, people have defined various categories of things .
Things change , The change of things is a phenomenon , Phenomena arise from the existence of changes in things , The phenomenon of existence is a matter of human description , People's acceptance of things becomes reality , So we have the facts . The thing itself is only the existence of human cognition, which gives its own names according to its own cultural way .

The phenomenon

Things are developing 、 The external form of change .
Observable facts or events ; Something experienced or actually existing .

Things are developing 、 The external form shown in the change .

Epistemology refers to our understanding of external things , Because of the subjective innate concept , So the people we know are just now 　 like , Not the thing itself .
Phenomenon is the manifestation of things , Everything that can be felt . The phenomenon is that people can see 、 hear 、 Smell it 、 What you touch . According to whether there are natural attributes , Phenomena can be divided into natural phenomena and social phenomena .

Things are happening 、 Development 、 The external connection and objective form in the process of change . Such as ： Natural phenomena .
Cultural and artistic circles refer to the social effects caused by some kind of creation or research . Such as ： YuQiuYu phenomenon ; Li Erhe and cultural phenomenon .
It has existed for a period of time , It is also a well-known social atmosphere or behavior .

appearance

Perceptual image formed through perception
The signs revealed .
The signs that show up .
The image reproduced in the brain by the perceived objective things .

Psychologically, it refers to the past impression that reappears in the conscious world .
Image refers to the perceptual image formed in the mind based on perception . Including memory representation and imagination representation . The former refers to the image of the perceived object reproduced in the brain instead of in front of it . The latter refers to the new image formed by processing and transforming the perceptual image or memory image . Appearance is intuitive , But not as vivid as the perceptual image 、 Complete and stable . It has a certain generality , It is the intermediate link from perception to thinking . According to the dominant sensory channel when the image is formed , It can be divided into visual representation 、 Auditory representation 、 Motion representation 、 Olfactory representation 、 Taste representation 、 Tactile imagery, etc .

appearance （representation） When the objective object is not presented in front of the subject , The process in which the image of the objective object maintained in the concept and the image of the object reappear in the concept . Appearance is not just a reflection of a person , And it is an operation , That is, psychological operation can be carried out in the form of representation , That is, thinking in images . In this sense , Mental operation of representation 、 Image thinking and concept thinking can be in different interactions . In Psychology , Representation refers to the process in which the image of things perceived in the past reappears in the mind .

Appearance is the presentation of external objects , What the free thing presents to me is called appearance , Its free state is not called representation , Just matter itself . How is the thing in itself presented to me ？ The way is that things in themselves send messages , This information enters the subject through my senses , The subject uses its own equipment to transform this information into appearances , Appearance is the presentation of the thing in itself , The appearance presents us , We see things . It's like cable TV transmitting signals to TV through optical cables , Television sets convert signals into images , We saw the TV program . We can't say we saw the TV signal , We can only see the images on the TV screen . Similarly, we cannot say that we have seen the information , Instead, we see the appearance of transforming information through our senses . Nor can we say that what we see is something foreign , We can only say that what we see is the appearance of foreign objects .
The perceptual image with certain generality formed on the basis of feeling and perception , This is an advanced form of perceptual knowledge . The main difference between representation and perception is ： Perception works only when the object acts on the sensory organ , Appearance can continue to exist after this effect disappears . Some images are the representation of static and dynamic perception , It is called memory representation . Some appearances are the generalization and reorganization of perception , It is called imaginative representation . People can also draw some common aspects from the perception of many individual things to form a general representation , The perceptual elements can also be arbitrarily combined to form a fictional representation . Appearance is to feel 、 Reorganization and processing of perception , Close to rational knowledge , It plays an important role in the process from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge , But it has not gone beyond the boundary of perceptual knowledge , It is still the concrete image of sensibility .
Appearance is when things are not in front of you , The image of things that people have in their minds . From the perspective of information processing , Representation is a kind of knowledge representation of non-existent objects or events , This kind of representation has distinct image .

Representation in philosophy refers to the perceptual image formed on the basis of perception , It is a form of perceptual knowledge . Appearance is different from the feeling caused by things acting directly on the senses , It is formed on the basis of multiple perceptions of the same thing or similar things in the past , It has certain indirectness and generality . Appearance is better than feeling 、 More progress in perception , It is a necessary middle link from direct perception to abstract thinking . however , Representation is only a simple form of summarizing perceptual materials , It can not show the essence and laws of things . Representation can also be divided into memory representation and imagination representation . The former is the image of what has been perceived in the brain ; The latter is a new image transformed from memory or existing perceptual image . thus it can be seen , Appearance is more universal than feeling and perception , Closer to rational knowledge .

Thing

All activities and phenomena in human life
All activities in human life and all social phenomena encountered
Human behavior and all natural phenomena or activities .
The actual situation of things

situation

The actual state of things
Means a situation , scene
Situation also means the context of things .
The state and movement of people or things found in the process of development and change
It refers to a scene at that time .
Metaphorical clues 、 The signs are . Such as ： If you have any information, report it immediately ！

thing

Refers to all kinds of concrete or abstract things