[today in history] July 13: the father of database passed away; Apple buys cups code; IBM chip Alliance

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It's today 2022 year 7 month 13 Japan , stay 2017 Years of today ,“ The father of databases ” Charles · Bachman （Charles Bachman） Passing away . Developed by Bachmann and others of General Electric Company of the United States IDS（Integrated Data Store） It's the first in the world DBMS, It is also the first network database management system .IDS Laid the foundation for a mesh database , And it was widely used at that time . The advantage of reticular structure is that it has greater universality , Can flexibly describe things and their relationships .1973 year , Bachmann was awarded the Turing prize for his outstanding contribution to database technology . Review the history of computers 7 month 13 Japan , What other key events have happened on this day ？

1992 year 7 month 13 Japan ：IBM、 Toshiba and Siemens jointly develop memory chips

In the fierce competition that dominated the world semiconductor industry in the last century ,IBM Toshiba of Japan and Siemens of Germany were selected as partners , Joint development may become the mainstay in the future 256 Bit memory chip . This joint work was carried out in 1992 year 7 month 13 Announced Wednesday , And in East Fishkill, New York IBM Semiconductor factory ; at that time , Industry executives believe that this is right IBM It is a victory for the United States , Scientists and engineers from three computer companies will work together , The arrival of the global economic network .

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stay 20 century 80 years , People began to think that the United States might lose its independent ability to manufacture the most modern computer chips , This idea caused great panic , And promoted the U.S. government and industrial alliance —— Semiconductor manufacturing technology company （Sematech） Establishment , Committed to developing basic chip manufacturing technology .IBM It's creating Sematech The main supporters of , Besides ,IBM Also helped build the American Memory Company （U.S. Memories Inc.）, This is a private joint venture of American companies manufacturing memory chips . The company then 1990 Closed in . This era is also the era of the rise of semiconductor technology in Japan ,IBM Began to worry about Japan's growing strength , Seek to establish contact with Siemens .

however , Some changes in the international environment later changed the views of American and European corporate executives on the Japanese . The collapse of the Japanese stock market has limited Japan's access to the huge amount of money needed to manufacture advanced semiconductors . Besides , Several other Asian countries have also entered the semiconductor market , It has brought greater pressure to Japan . from 1986 Year begins ,IBM As a test , Agree to manufacture display screens for Toshiba's portable and other types of computers ,IBM It is also in this cooperation that I confirmed my guess about Japan's economic and technological strength . So in 1992 year , In order to reduce the cost and risk of developing chips , Three companies work together , It marks a change in the semiconductor industry ; Before that , Such companies compete fiercely mainly for market control , And the alliance has also become an early case of the new global economy .

Investment in microelectronics research and manufacturing makes IBM In specialization 、 Become the world leader again in high profit chip production —— Through this alliance ,IBM stay 1992 Developed in 200 Mm wafer process , And developed in ten years 300 Millimeter wafer .IBM The designed chip was later used PlayStation 3、Xbox 360 and Wii console .IBM It also regained its leading position in supercomputing with high-end machines based on Scalable Parallel Processor Technology .1992 year 10 month 5 Japan , stay COMDEX At the computer Expo ,IBM Released the first ThinkPad laptop 700C.ThinkPad It was sold at that time 4350 Advanced machines for dollars , New technology and eye-catching design made this machine immediately popular . Not long after , Internet bubble burst ,1990 Those technological masters of the s failed to survive the economic downturn , And this is the following .

source ： Wikipedia

2004 year 7 month 13 Japan ： Google acquisition Picasa

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Picasa Is a cross platform image management and image viewer for organizing and editing digital photos , It is integrated with a photo sharing website that has been closed , The website was originally developed by a company called Lifescape Our company is in 2002 Created in 2000 （ By Idealab Hatched ）.“Picasa” It's Pablo, a Spanish painter · Picasso （Pablo Picasso） Name 、mi casa（ Spanish , Meaning for “ My house ”） and “pic”（ Meaning for “ picture ”） A compound word of .

2004 year 7 month , Google from Lifescape Acquired in hand Picasa, And start offering free software .2016 year 2 month 12 Japan , Google announced from 2016 year 3 month 15 Stop from Picasa Desktop and Web Albums Support for , And focus on cloud based Google Photos As its successor .Picasa Web Albums It is a supporting service , On 2016 year 5 month 1 Closing day . Google later said it would stop Picasa The main reason is that it wants to focus on “ Completely single photo service ” On , The cross-platform 、 Web based Google photos .

source ： Wikipedia

2007 year 7 month 13 Japan ： Apple buys CUPS Code

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CUPS（Common Unix Printing System） Is a class Unix Combined printing system of operating system , Allow a computer to act as a print server .CUPS Accept a client computer process , And send it to the corresponding printer .CUPS It's also free software , Use Apache Section of the license 2 edition . Michael · Switt ,Easy Software Products The owner of the , On 1997 Development started in CUPS. First public beta on 1999 Released in . Originally designed CUPS Use the line printer daemon Protocol , But because of LPD The limitation of is incompatible with the supplier , So the Internet Printing Protocol （IPP） Instead of .

After the release ,CUPS It is quickly defaulted to some Linux Printing system for distribution , Such as Red Hat Linux.2002 year 3 month , Apple at Mac OS X v10.2 Have adopted the CUPS.2007 Year of 2 month , Apple hired Michael · Sweet and bought CUPS Source code ; Today in the same year , That is to say 7 month 13 Japan ,CUPS The copyright of is officially handed over to Apple .2019 year 12 month 20 Japan , Michael · Sweet announced on his blog that he had left apple .2020 year ,OpenPrinting The organization forked the project ,Michael Sweet So as to continue to work on the project .

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