视图的使用

视图简介

APIView —> GenericAPIView —> 视图扩展类 —> 子类视图

1.APIView

使用前需导入

from rest_framework.views import APIView

class StaffDetaView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,pk):
         return Response({
    "code":200,"msg":'获取成功'})
    def put(self,request,pk,**kwargs):
        # 根据id查找相应信息,返回对象
        staff = Staff.objects.filter(id=pk).first()

       if not staff:
        return Response({
    
              "code":400,
             "msg":'修改数据不存在'
          })
        # 反序列化 更新
       # partial 实现局部更新
     ser = StaffSerializer(instance=staff, data=request.data, partial=True)
  
       # 校验数据
       if ser.is_valid():
           ser.save() # 调用update
           return Response({
    
              "code": 200,
                 "msg": '修改成功'
            })
         else:
             return Response({
    "code":400,"msg":ser.errors})

         return self.update(request,pk,**kwargs)

     def delete(self,request,pk):
    
         return Response({
    "code":200,"msg":'删除员工成功'})

2.GenericAPIView

继承自APIView

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

通用属性

• queryset 视图查询集
• serializer_class 视图使用的序列化器

列表视图使用：

• pagination_class分页控制类
• filter_backends过滤控制后端，对字段过滤

详情页视图使用

• lookup_field 查询单一数据对象时使用的条件字段，默认为’pk’
• lookup_url_kwarg 查询单一数据时URL中的关键字参数，默认与look_field相同

通用方法：

• get_queryset()
  - 返回视图使用的查询集
  - 默认返回queryset属性，支持重写
• get_serializer_class()
  - 返回序列化器类，默认返回serializer_class，可以重写
• get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs)
  -返回序列化器对象

详情页独有方法

• get_object()
  -默认参数来过滤

class StaffView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Staff.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StaffSerializer
     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
         staff_info = self.get_queryset()
         # 序列化，返回一个序列化对象
         staff_all = self.get_seializer(staff_info,many=True)
         return Response({
    
             "staff":staff_all.data
         })

3.扩展类

扩展类	封装方法	说明
ListModelMixin	List	获取一组数据
CreateModelMixin	create	新增一条数据
RetrieveModelMixin	retrieve	获取指定数据
UpdateModelMixin	update	更新指定数据
DestroyModelMixin	destroy	删除指定数据

class StaffView(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin):
    queryset = Staff.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StaffSerializer
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
         return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)

4.视图子类

子类视图类	继承	请求处理方法
ListAPIView	GenericAPIView、ListModelMixin	get
CreateAPIView	GenericAPIView、CreateModelMixin	post
RetrieveAPIView	GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin	get
UpdateAPIView	GenericAPIView、UpdateModelMixin	put
DestroyAPIView	GenericAPIView、DestroyModelMixin	delete
ListCreateAPIView	GenericAPIView、ListModelMixin、CreateModelMixin	get 和 post
RetrieveUpdateAPIView	GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin	get、put
RetrieveDestroyAPIView	GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、DestroyModelMixin	get 和 delete
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView	GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin、DestroyModelMixin	get、put、delete

导入

from rest_framework.generics import *

class StaffView(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Staff.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StaffSerializer

注：这是示例，其他视图方法一样