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Postman Quick start

Catalog

• 1、 Preface
• 2、 brief introduction
• 3、 install
• 4、 Basic function
  • 4.1、 Request area
  • 4.2、 Response area
  • 4.3、 Environment variables and global variables
  • 4.4、 Import and export
    • 4.4.1、 Import
    • 4.4.2、 export
  • 4.5、 Theme Settings
• 5、 Defining interfaces
• 6、 Analog interface
• 7、 Request interface
  • 7.1、Get request （ No parameter ）
  • 7.2、Get request （ With parameters ）
  • 7.3、Post request （form-data）
  • 7.4、Post request （x-www-form-urlencoded）
  • 7.5、 Rely on requests
• 8、 Run set
• 9、 monitor
• 10、 Historical record

1、 Preface

With the development of testing technology , The whole testing industry has higher and higher requirements for testers , In recent years, in addition to ordinary functional tests, testers , They began to ask for interface testing and so on , There are many software for interface testing , There are open source 、 Rechargeable 、 Self developed and so on . This article introduces an excellent , And powerful interface testing tools -Postman.

2、 brief introduction

Postman The first is Google A plug-in exists , Then the team's positioning of the tool , Focus on PC Development and optimization of end , current Google Plug ins are rarely used anymore ,Postman Although it is a commercial software , But for ordinary users , The basic functions are completely enough .

Postman Originally designed for interface testing , So it is widely used by programmers , Track some network requests when developing and debugging network programs , It can effectively help back-end developers conduct interface testing independently .

Postman The main function of ：

• 1、Postman Is a powerful web debugging 、HTTP A tool for sending requests and running interface test cases .
• 2、 Able to simulate various HTTP Request Such as GET、POST、PUT、DELETE… wait .
• 3、 Files can also be sent in the request （ picture 、 Text files, etc ）、 additional Header etc. , Implement specific interface tests .
• 4、 It can effectively help back-end developers conduct interface testing independently .
• 5、 Provides cloud services , Support data synchronization and teamwork .
• 6、 Provides a wealth of HTML Format report template .
• 7、 Not just interface testing , And it's a API Management tools .

Official website ：

https://www.postman.com/

3、 install

Official website download address ：

https://www.postman.com/downloads/

After downloading , The default installation is enough .

4、 Basic function

Postman Interface test , Divided into two areas ： Request area 、 Response area .

4.1、 Request area

1、Params： Request parameters .

2、Authorization： Authentication , It is mainly used to fill in the user name and password , And some signature verification fields .

3、Headers： Requested header information .

4、Body：post Parameters to be taken when requesting , Put some key-value Key value pair .

• 4.1、form-data： It processes the form data into a message , Label as unit , Separate with separator . You can upload key value pairs separately , You can also upload files directly （ When the upload field is a file , There will be Content-Type To describe the type of document , But the file will not be preserved as history , Only every time you need to send a request , Add files again ）.
• 4.2、x-www-form-urlencoded： Corresponding information header Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded, The data in the form will be converted to key value pairs .
• 4.3、raw： You can upload any type of text , such as Text、JSON、XML etc. , Use JSON The corresponding header of is Content-Type:application/json.
• 4.4、binary： Corresponding information header Content-Type:application/octet-stream, Only binary files can be uploaded , And no key value pair , Only one file can be uploaded at a time , Nor can history be preserved , Submit after each file selection .

5、Pre-request Script： It allows you to customize the request data before the request , This runs before the request , Grammar use JavaScript sentence .

6、Tests： Usually used to write test verification , It runs after the request to verify that the return is correct . Support JavaScript grammar .

7、Settings： Some settings when requesting .

4.2、 Response area

1、Body： Response subject .

• 1.1、Pretty： format JSON、XML、Text And other forms of response content .
• 1.2、Raw： It shows the original data , You can judge whether it is compressed .
• 1.3、Preview： Help you HTML The page is automatically parsed and displayed .
• 1.4、Visualize：Postman Provides a programmable way to visually represent your request response . Added to the request area Tests The visualization code in will be presented in this tab .

2、Cookies： Respond to Cookies.

3、Headers： The header information of the response .

4、Test Results： If in the request area Tests Add test verification in , The test results after executing the interface will be presented in this tab .

4.3、 Environment variables and global variables

Postman Support setting parameters as environment variables or global variables , Convenient interface call .

environment variable ： Is a set of variables , Allows you to switch the context of the request .

Global variables ： Is a set of variables that are always available in the workspace .

As shown in the figure ： You can see that... Has been created 2 Environment variables （DEMO、DEV）

see DEV environment variable , Environment variables can only be selected DEV when , Can be called DEV Variables in the region .

and Globals The global variable is in Collections All interfaces in the collection can be called .

4.4、 Import and export

4.4.1、 Import

Switch to the project area you want to import （ Such as My_Postman2）, Click on Import.

Select the interface or variable to import , Click on Import Import .

Successful import .

4.4.2、 export

1、 Export interface

Select specified Collections aggregate , Click on Export.

The default choice is , Click on Export Export .

2、 Export environment variables and public variables

Click on Environments Environmental Science

Select the specified environment variable , Click on Export Export .

Select the specified public variable , Click on Export Export .

All exported files , All are .json The format is suffix .

4.5、 Theme Settings

1、 Open the... In the upper right corner Settings.

2、 Click on Themes,Postman The application can set light or dark themes .

3、 Theme effect .

Light color theme ：

Dark theme ：

5、 Defining interfaces

Definition API Interface , Also on API Interface management .

1、 Click to enter APIs modular , Create and define interfaces .

2、 Enter the interface name 、 Version number 、 Select the specified schema information, etc .

3、 When I'm done , The API Improve the interface definition , And can be used to API Interface development and testing and other follow-up operations .

6、 Analog interface

because Postman Bring their own Mock Servers（ Analog interface service ） function , Therefore, the simulation interface examples requested in this article will be created with this function .

1、 Create an analog interface

Click to enter Mock Servers modular

Start creating the interface to simulate

Give the created Mock Servers Naming , Such as demo_mock.

After creation , Analog interface URL The address is also automatically generated .

It is also automatically added to the environment variable .

2、 Maintain and enhance analog interface content

Interface link has been created , However, you also need to customize the parameters and return values of the link .

Enter into Collections In the assembly , Enhance the analog interface .

Select each interface , Add examples .

for example ： Example demo/getpost2

As shown in the figure ： All analog interfaces are customized .

7、 Request interface

The simulation interface has been created and the request and return examples have been added , Next, start creating the request interface for interface testing .

newly build Collections aggregate , And named it demo_request.

Start creating request interfaces for interface testing .

7.1、Get request ( No parameter )

Create request ：get1, You can see the interface that requests emulation , Return to success .

notes ： Because when creating an analog interface , Interface URL The address has been automatically added to the environment variable , At this time, the interface URL Addresses can also be requested by referencing variables . When extracting variables , Use it directly {{ Variable name }} that will do .

7.2、Get request ( With parameters )

Create request ：get2, You can see the interface that requests emulation , Return to success .

7.3、Post request (form-data)

Create request ：post1, You can see the interface that requests emulation , Return to success .

7.4、Post request (x-www-form-urlencoded)

Create request ：post2, You can see the interface that requests emulation , Return to success .

Headers Add... To the message header Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded

7.5、 Rely on requests

Yes 2 Interface getpost1（Get request , No parameter ）、getpost2（Post request , Pass on JSON）

Ask first getpost1, Then request getpost2; however getpost2 There are dependencies in the request parameters of the interface getpost1 Return value of interface , So I'm asking getpost1 after , Extract the return value into the environment variable or public variable , after getpost2 Just quote .

1、 Create request ：getpost1

In the request Tests Write scripts in the library ：

//  obtain body Parameters returned in , Set the parameter to a public variable 
varjsonData=JSON.parse(responseBody);
pm.globals.set("global_token",jsonData.mytoken);

Copy

After running, you can see the interface requesting simulation , Return to success .

The extracted value has been saved in the public variable .

2、 Create request ：getpost2

Headers Add... To the message header Content-Type:application/json

In the request Tests In addition to adding extraction variables , Add some assertion statements .

request Tests Script written in ：

//  obtain body Parameters returned in , Set the parameter to the environment variable 
varjsonData=JSON.parse(responseBody);
pm.environment.set("getpost2_environment",jsonData.mytoken);
 
//  obtain body Parameters returned in , Set the parameter to a public variable 
varjsonData=JSON.parse(responseBody);
pm.globals.set("getpost2_global",jsonData.mytoken);
 
//  Get the header information parameter in the return , Set the parameter to a public variable 
varvalue=postman.getResponseHeader("Content-Type");
pm.globals.set("getpost2_global_type",value);
 
//  Print log 
console.log(responseBody);
 
//  Assertion status code 200
pm.test("Status code is 200", function () {
    pm.response.to.have.status(200);
});
 
//  Assertion response content 
varjsonData=JSON.parse(responseBody);
tests["Check respose msg value"] =jsonData.msg===" Successful operation ";
 
//  Assertion response content - contain 
pm.test("Body matches string", function () {
    pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include(" success ");
});
 
//  Assertion response content - be equal to 
pm.test("Body is correct", function () {
    pm.response.to.have.body({
    "code": 0,
    "msg": " Successful operation ",
    "mytoken": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9123"
});
});

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After running, you can see the interface requesting simulation , Return to success .

notes ： When extracting variables , Use it directly {{ Variable name }} that will do .

assertion results ：

8、 Run set

Select specified Collections aggregate , Click on Run collection.

After setting , Click on the run .

Run all selected interfaces , And display the test results .

9、 monitor

The monitor allows you to run Collections aggregate , To check its performance and response .

1、 Create monitor

Fill in the monitor name 、 Select the to monitor Collections aggregate 、 Select the environment variable 、 Set the operating frequency, etc .

Monitor creation complete .

2、 You can wait for it to run as planned , You can also manually trigger the operation （ Click on Run）.

As shown in the figure ： The effect after running , In a healthy state .

10、 Historical record

All operation records will be in History It's shown in the picture .