[go basics 02] the first procedure

1 General idea

1. Conceive the storage structure of all your programs , Design the catalogue .
2. According to the purpose of the procedure , Edit code .
3. debugging .
4. compile .
5. function .

2 New project and project file structure

1. Create a new folder on the appropriate hard disk , File used to store new projects , In this paper D New folder under disk “GOProject”, It is suggested that the folder be named in English , I don't know if there will be problems with the Chinese path .
2. double-click goland, Click on new project New projects .
   
3. Choose the appropriate storage path for the project , It is the folder created in step 1 , At the same time pay attention to GOROOT Is it SDK Installation path for .
   
4. Create the folder where the first program is located . Right click GOProject, Click on NEW, You can create new files or folders ,GO File Means to create a new go file ,directory Means to create a new folder .
   
5. The same way , stay “01helloWorld” Create two subfolders under the folder , Respectively main and package, The former is used to store the main execution code , The latter is used to store various modules . stay main In the folder , establish go Program , Name it helloWorld, The file structure is as follows .
   

2 Program code

1. Procedural requirements ： Output hello world!
2. The code and explanation are as follows ：

// Each program belongs to a package 
package main
// Introduce modules 
import "fmt"
// The main function , As program entry 
func main() {
    
	fmt.Println("hello world!")
}

3 Compile and run

3.1 Execute the process

1. Prepared go A program can have two execution processes , One is to compile it into an executable file before running , One is direct operation （ Commonly used for debugging ）.
2. difference ：
   （1） If you compile the executable file first , Then you can copy the executable file to no go Running on the machine of the development environment ;
   （2） If it's direct go run Source code , So if you want to run on a machine like this , It also needs go development environment , Otherwise, it cannot run ;
   （3） At compile time , The compiler will include the library files that the program depends on in the executable file , therefore , The executable file is much larger .

3.2 compile

1. The basic method ： open go The folder where the source file is located , Address field input cmd Open the terminal , Input go build+go The source file name , The program can be compiled into an executable file with the same name .
   
2. Custom generated file name ： Input go build -o myname.exe go The source file name , The program can be compiled into an executable file with the same name .
3. utilize goland compiling ： Right click the code area and select run , Or use the shortcut key ctrl+shift+F10, Compile , The effect is the same as the basic method .
   

3.3 debugging

1. utilize goland Debug the code line by line , First, add a line of command output to the program hello, Then hit the left mouse button on the left side of the same line to mark the breakpoint .
   
2. Right click the code area , Click on debug, You can pause the program at the breakpoint , You can press F7、F8 And other shortcut keys use different line by line debugging methods .
   

3.4 function

1. The basic method ： Double click directly to run （ Because the pause command is not set , After the program runs, it closes directly ）.
2. cmd Window run executable ： Under the path of the executable program , Enter the executable program name , Direct operation .
   
3. cmd Window run source file ： Under the path of the source file , Enter the command go run The source file name Run the source program directly .
   

4 summary

1. Write the first go Program .
2. understand goland In the new project 、 Organize the project file structure 、 edit 、 debugging 、 Compilation and other aspects of the use of .

reference

1. 《Go Program development and basic structure description 》 Video tutorial
2. 《Go Perform process analysis 》 Video tutorial
3. 《Go Compile and run 》 Video tutorial