[batch dos-cmd command - summary and summary] - file and directory operation commands (MD, RD, xcopy, dir, CD, set, move, copy, del, type, sort)

One 、 Directory operation command

1.1  Create and delete directories ——md、rd、xcopy

• New folder ：md test（ The effect is the same MKDIR test, Notice that it's not mk test）
• Delete directory ：rd test
• duplicate catalog ：xcopy %Directory% %Directory2%

1.2  Set and use directory variables ——set

• Set the directory variable ：set Directory=F:\test;
• Set the file path variable ：set filepath=test1\file.exe
• Call the directory variable ：%Directory%.
• After setting variables , Any variable needs to be used with other instructions . For example, collocation del Command to use ,del "%Directory%\%filepath%" Equivalent to del "F:\test\test1\file.exe".

1.3  Show directory structure / File tree ——dir、tree

1.3.1 Display file / Directory listing ：dir

stay win10 Systematic cmd Window , To display the files in the current directory 、 Folder information , It can be used dir command .

To display the information under the target directory , You can switch the working directory first （cd Command or other means ） For the target directory , And then use dir.

Or directly execute the order 【dir Target directory 】, For example, I want to display the file directory information of the download folder of Baidu online disk .

linux In the system , To display files in a directory （ clip ） list , It can be used ls command , You can also use it dir command .

1.3.2 Show tree level directory structure ——tree

Let's continue with windows in cmd Window tree Instructions .

Windows+R Input cmd command , We type directly in the window help tree, You can see the help information ：

•  tree : Displays the tree structure of all child folders under the current directory （ Exclude files ）.
•  tree D:\ChromeCoreDownloads\test :  Displays the tree structure of all child folders under the specified directory （ Exclude files ）.
•  tree D:\ChromeCoreDownloads\test /f ： Displays the tree structure of all child folders under the specified directory （ Including documents ）.
•  tree D:\ChromeCoreDownloads\test /f /a： When the author tests , Not found plus /a And no addition /a The obvious difference .
•  tree D:\ChromeCoreDownloads\test /f > tree.txt： The tree structure of all child folders under the specified directory （ Including documents ） The information is written to... In the current directory tree.txt file .
•  tree D:\ChromeCoreDownloads\test /f > D:\ChromeCoreDownloads\test\tree.txt： The tree structure of all child folders under the specified directory （ Including documents ） The information is written to... In the specified directory tree.txt file .

tips：windows Under the tree Command function is not powerful enough , Can download git tree shell To supplement this function , For example, if there are too many files , You can only display the folder hierarchy information down to the specified directory .

1.4 Find a file or folder in the directory

dir The general usage of is to find which files or folders are in a directory , more “ Fee computer ” Is used to find a file with a specified name in a directory （ clip ） Where are they distributed 、 What are the sizes 、 What is the total number .

For example, I want to find out how many are under the download folder of Baidu online disk demo.bat file , You can execute the command first 【cd /d D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload】 To switch the current working directory , Then execute the order 【dir demo.bat】, The final result is shown in the figure below .

  Very strange , It is also possible to find the number of folders with specified names under a directory , But we can't do it in practice .

1.5 Toggle directory , Enter the specified folder ——cd or chdir

The title is clear enough ,cd Command and chdir Commands are completely equivalent .

Print cd Command help information , We can know cd The command is used to display the current working directory and switch working directories .

C:\WINDOWS\system32>cd /?
 Display the current directory name or change the current directory .

CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]
CHDIR [..]
CD [/D] [drive:][path]
CD [..]

  ..    Specify to change to parent directory .

 type  CD drive:  Displays the current directory on the specified drive .
 Type only without parameters  CD, The current drive and directory are displayed .

 Use  /D  switch , In addition to changing the current directory of the drive ,
 You can also change the current drive .

 If command extension is enabled ,CHDIR  Will change as follows :

 The current directory string will be converted to use the case on the disk name . therefore ,
 If the case on the disk is so ,CD C:\TEMP  The current directory will be set to 
C:\Temp.

CHDIR  The command does not treat spaces as separators , Therefore, it is possible to change the directory name to a 
 Subdirectory names with spaces but without quotes . for example :

     cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu

 Same as the following :

 Please press any key to continue . . .

1.5.1 Direct execution without parameters 【cd】, The current working directory will be returned .

Some people may think this order is mentally retarded , Obviously, you can see , Why should there be ？

Actually in echo When echo status is off , The working directory is not displayed in cmd On the window .

1.5.2  Do not switch disks , Only on the current disk “ Wandering around ”

• Enter folder ：cd \test1\test2（ Get into test2 Folder ）
• Return to root （ Disk directory ）：cd \
• Go back to the parent directory ：cd ..

1.5.3 Switch disks , You need to turn the wheel first

If the target path you want to switch is different from the disk where the current working directory is located , Then you need to switch disks .

The way 1： Execute the switch disk command first （ for example D The disk corresponds to the command 【d:】）, And then use cd command （ Enter, for example d Disk Baidu download folder BaiduNetdiskDownload, Carry out orders 【cd /BaiduNetdiskDownload】 or 【cd d:/BaiduNetdiskDownload】） Enter target directory .

The way 2： Directly with parameters /d Execute the command including the full directory path , For example, you want to enter the target folder d:/BaiduNetdiskDownload, It can be executed 【cd /d d:/BaiduNetdiskDownload】 command .

Be careful 1, The way 2 Medium /d The parameters are fixed , No matter which plate it is /d. Not for the target directory e:/BaiduNetdiskDownload, You should execute the order 【cd /e d:/BaiduNetdiskDownload】, This is wrong ！

Be careful 2, command 【cd d:】 Is unable to switch disk to D Discoid , Although it will output a d:, It does not mean that the working directory is switched 、.

On it cd Command to switch working directory , Actually, it's more troublesome , The most convenient method is to enter the target folder in the explorer , Execute... In the address bar cmd that will do .

 

Two 、 File external operation ——move、copy、del or erase、rename or ren

2.1 Moving files ——move

Print move Command help information , Carry out orders 【move /?】.

We can find out ,move The command can not only remove files from the path A Move to path B, And you can rename the file during the move , You can even rename a folder . 

If , In my computer 【D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload】 Contents and 【D:\D-desktop】 There's one in each category demo.bat file .

If I want to 【D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload】 The files in the directory are moved to 【D:\D-desktop】 Catalog , I can execute the following commands 【move demo.bat D:\D-desktop】, then cmd Whether to overwrite... Is prompted in the window , I'll do it again y, The move and overwrite succeeded .

If I also want to rename this file 【demo1.bat】, I can execute orders 【move demo.bat D:\D-desktop\demo1.bat】. 

In summary , If you are moving a file , Do not want to rename , Then the target path does not need to include the file name （ There is no need to keep the original file name ）; If you want to rename , You need to include the file name

Parameters /y and -y It means ： If you do not specify one of these two parameters , The default is to prompt in the direct command 、 Do not prompt in the batch file , If specified as /y, Do not prompt for direct coverage , If specified as -y, They all prompt , You can manually select whether to overwrite .

2.2 Copy file ——copy

Print copy Command help information , Carry out orders 【copy /?】.

copy The command of is similar to move Orders are the same .

If you just copy files to another directory , Without changing the name , There is no need to include the file name on the target path , For example, order 【copyF:\directory1\test.txt D:\directory2】.

If you need to copy to another directory , Rename it , You need to include the file name in the target path , For example, order 【copyF:\directory1\test.txt D:\directory2\test1.txt】.

2.3 Delete file ——del or erase

del Command and erase Command is equivalent to ; But after the command extension function is enabled , Only available erase command .

（1） Print del Command help information , Carry out orders 【del /?】.

（2） If we want to delete a file , Direct command execution 【del filepath】,filepath Is the full path .

such as , We want to delete the... Under the download folder of Baidu online disk demo.bat file , You can execute orders 【del D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\demo.bat】

  Be careful , Although no feedback results indicate that it has been deleted , But it has been deleted successfully .

（3） If you want to delete a folder , We can execute orders 【del directory_path】, It is recommended that the folder path be set completely .

Suppose that D There is a test Folder , There's another one in it demo.bat, Can execute orders 【del D:\test】, Then reuse y Reply to confirm deletion .

Order executed , We can find that the files in the directory are missing , But the folder itself still lingers on the computer .

I guess （ Rigorous enough ...）：del The command can only delete files in the specified directory and subdirectories

 

I'm in again test A... Is created in the folder test1 Folder , Then order 【del D:\test】 It's an experiment , If so ！

 

linux In the system , Delete file / The directory directive is rm.

 grammar ：rm [ Options ] 

• -d： Directly delete the hard connection data of the directory to be deleted into 0, Delete this directory ;
• -f： Force deletion of files or directories ;
• -i： Ask the user before deleting an existing file or directory ;
• -r or -R： Recursive processing , Process all files in the specified directory together with subdirectories ;
• –preserve-root： No recursive operation on the root ;
• -v： Display the detailed execution process of the instruction .

2.4 Rename file ——rename or ren

（1） Print first ren Help for , Carry out orders 【ren /?】

（2） If the current working directory contains renamed files , Directly by order 【rename filename1 filename2 】 that will do .

 

（3） If the current working directory does not include , You can switch the working directory first （cd Orders, etc ）, And then use （2） The commands mentioned in , You can also use the command directly 【rename filepath new_filename】.

below 3 Pictures , Is to demonstrate how to use commands directly 【ren D:\test\test1\demo1.bat demo2.bat】, Put in the directory 【D:\test\test1】 Under the demo.bat Rename the file to demo2.bat Of .

3、 ... and 、 File internal operation ——type、sort

3.1 Read text file ——type

Have a look first type Help for .

thus it can be seen ,type To read the contents of a file , The content can be referred to “ In the form of Notepad ” Open the situation , If it is txt、md、bat This plain text file , There is no garbled code after opening , But if it is doc、excel、exe、jpg、mp3、mp4 This binary file , It must be garbled after opening .

type Only meaningful for plain text files , Because if you open a garbled code , I can't understand ！

The most basic command format for reading text files 【type filepath】, Try opening a bat file , as one wishes .

  Heart is not willing to open a doc file , See if you can ？ To lose completely ...

stay Linux In the system , And type The command corresponds to cat command .

3.2 Sort text files ——sort

Print it first sort Command help information .

 （1） The most basic without any parameters sort command ——sort filepath .

Suppose there is a on the desktop tool.txt Text file for , The contents are as follows ：

Now I want to sort and sort them out . Carry out orders 【sort D:\D-desktop\tool.txt】, The results are shown in the figure below . 

 

We can find out 31 stay 4 In front of , It shows that this sorting algorithm gives priority to the first bit , If the first one has been decided, no comparison will be made .

  Be careful , This sort The command does not change the original txt The content of the document , It's just that the output has changed , If you want to put the sorted content in the new txt In file , You can execute the redirection command 【sort D:\D-desktop\tool.txt>D:\D-desktop\tool
_sorted.txt】.

（2） If you want to start from n Bit start sort , Through adjustment /n Parameter realization , If you want to start from the 2 Bit start sort , Carry out orders 【sort /+2 D:\D-desktop\tool.txt】

 （3） If you want to sort in reverse , You can add /r Parameters , Carry out orders 【sort /r D:\D-desktop\tool.txt】